引用类型原子类

引用类型原子类介绍

基本类型原子类只能更新一个变量，如果需要原子更新多个变量，需要使用引用类型原子类。

• AtomicReference：引用类型原子类
• AtomicStampedReference：原子更新引用类型里的字段原子类
• AtomicMarkableReference ：原子更新带有标记位的引用类型

上面三个类提供的方法几乎相同，所以这里以 AtomicReference 为例子来介绍。

AtomicReference 类使用示例

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

public class AtomicReferenceTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AtomicReference<Person> ar = new AtomicReference<Person>();
        Person person = new Person("SnailClimb", 22);
        ar.set(person);
        Person updatePerson = new Person("Daisy", 20);
        ar.compareAndSet(person, updatePerson);

        System.out.println(ar.get().getName());
        System.out.println(ar.get().getAge());
    }

}

class Person {

    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

}

上述代码，首先创建了一个 Person 对象，然后把 Person 对象设置进 AtomicReference 对象中，然后调用 compareAndSet() 方法，该方法就是通过通过 CAS 操作设置 ar。如果 ar 的值为 person 的话，则将其设置为 updatePerson。实现原理与 AtomicInteger 类中的 compareAndSet() 方法相同。运行上面的代码后的输出结果如下：

Daisy
20

AtomicStampedReference 类使用示例

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicStampedReference;

public class AtomicStampedReferenceDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 实例化、取当前值和 stamp 值
        final Integer initialRef = 0, initialStamp = 0;
        final AtomicStampedReference<Integer> asr = new AtomicStampedReference<>(initialRef, initialStamp);
        System.out.println("currentValue=" + asr.getReference() + ", currentStamp=" + asr.getStamp());

        // compare and set
        final Integer newReference = 666, newStamp = 999;
        final boolean casResult = asr.compareAndSet(initialRef, newReference, initialStamp, newStamp);
        System.out.println("currentValue=" + asr.getReference()
                + ", currentStamp=" + asr.getStamp()
                + ", casResult=" + casResult);

        // 获取当前的值和当前的 stamp 值
        int[] arr = new int[1];
        final Integer currentValue = asr.get(arr);
        final int currentStamp = arr[0];
        System.out.println("currentValue=" + currentValue + ", currentStamp=" + currentStamp);

        // 单独设置 stamp 值
        final boolean attemptStampResult = asr.attemptStamp(newReference, 88);
        System.out.println("currentValue=" + asr.getReference()
                + ", currentStamp=" + asr.getStamp()
                + ", attemptStampResult=" + attemptStampResult);

        // 重新设置当前值和 stamp 值
        asr.set(initialRef, initialStamp);
        System.out.println("currentValue=" + asr.getReference() + ", currentStamp=" + asr.getStamp());

        // [不推荐使用，除非搞清楚注释的意思了] weak compare and set
        // 困惑！weakCompareAndSet 这个方法最终还是调用 compareAndSet 方法。[版本: jdk-8u191]
        // 但是注释上写着 "May fail spuriously and does not provide ordering guarantees,
        // so is only rarely an appropriate alternative to compareAndSet."
        // todo 感觉有可能是 jvm 通过方法名在 native 方法里面做了转发
        final boolean wCasResult = asr.weakCompareAndSet(initialRef, newReference, initialStamp, newStamp);
        System.out.println("currentValue=" + asr.getReference()
                + ", currentStamp=" + asr.getStamp()
                + ", wCasResult=" + wCasResult);
    }

}

输出结果如下：

currentValue=0, currentStamp=0
currentValue=666, currentStamp=999, casResult=true
currentValue=666, currentStamp=999
currentValue=666, currentStamp=88, attemptStampResult=true
currentValue=0, currentStamp=0
currentValue=666, currentStamp=999, wCasResult=true

4.4 AtomicMarkableReference 类使用示例

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicMarkableReference;

public class AtomicMarkableReferenceDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 实例化、取当前值和 mark 值
        final Boolean initialRef = null, initialMark = false;
        final AtomicMarkableReference<Boolean> amr = new AtomicMarkableReference<>(initialRef, initialMark);
        System.out.println("currentValue=" + amr.getReference() + ", currentMark=" + amr.isMarked());

        // compare and set
        final Boolean newReference1 = true, newMark1 = true;
        final boolean casResult = amr.compareAndSet(initialRef, newReference1, initialMark, newMark1);
        System.out.println("currentValue=" + amr.getReference()
                + ", currentMark=" + amr.isMarked()
                + ", casResult=" + casResult);

        // 获取当前的值和当前的 mark 值
        boolean[] arr = new boolean[1];
        final Boolean currentValue = amr.get(arr);
        final boolean currentMark = arr[0];
        System.out.println("currentValue=" + currentValue + ", currentMark=" + currentMark);

        // 单独设置 mark 值
        final boolean attemptMarkResult = amr.attemptMark(newReference1, false);
        System.out.println("currentValue=" + amr.getReference()
                + ", currentMark=" + amr.isMarked()
                + ", attemptMarkResult=" + attemptMarkResult);

        // 重新设置当前值和 mark 值
        amr.set(initialRef, initialMark);
        System.out.println("currentValue=" + amr.getReference() + ", currentMark=" + amr.isMarked());

        // [不推荐使用，除非搞清楚注释的意思了] weak compare and set
        // 困惑！weakCompareAndSet 这个方法最终还是调用 compareAndSet 方法。[版本: jdk-8u191]
        // 但是注释上写着 "May fail spuriously and does not provide ordering guarantees,
        // so is only rarely an appropriate alternative to compareAndSet."
        // todo 感觉有可能是 jvm 通过方法名在 native 方法里面做了转发
        final boolean wCasResult = amr.weakCompareAndSet(initialRef, newReference1, initialMark, newMark1);
        System.out.println("currentValue=" + amr.getReference()
                + ", currentMark=" + amr.isMarked()
                + ", wCasResult=" + wCasResult);
    }

}

输出结果如下：

currentValue=null, currentMark=false
currentValue=true, currentMark=true, casResult=true
currentValue=true, currentMark=true
currentValue=true, currentMark=false, attemptMarkResult=true
currentValue=null, currentMark=false
currentValue=true, currentMark=true, wCasResult=true