k8s常用命令和yaml

一、常用命令

1、kubectl exec命令

（1）、kubectl exec进入容器

获取pod name：

kubectl get pods -n dev -o wide

kubectl exec -it pc-deployment-6696798b78-h6h4j -n dev /bin/sh

2、kubectl get 命令

（1）、获取pod详细信息

kubectl get pods -n dev -o wide --show-labels

（2）、获取Endpoint信息

kubectl get endpoints -n dev -o wide

（3）、查看pv信息

kubectl get pv -n dev -o wide

（4）、查看pvc信息

kubectl get pvc -n dev -o wide

3、kubectl describe命令

（1）、查看service详细信息

kubectl describe svc service-clusterip -n dev

4、kubectl logs命令

#volume-emptydir是pod名，busybox是pod下的容器，即查看dev namespace下的volume-emptydir pod下的busybox容器的标准输出日志
#busybox容器里要有日志标准输出到控制台，才能通过kubectl logs查看，比如busybox里运行exec命令 tail -f xxxx.log
kubectl logs -f volume-emptydir -n dev -c busybox

5、其他命令

（1）、查看ipvs映射规则

ipvsadm -Ln

二、常用yaml资源清单

1、创建pod的yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment      
metadata:
  name: pc-deployment
  namespace: dev
spec: 
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx-pod
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-pod
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.17.1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

2、同时创建pod和service

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  namespace: dev
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx-pod
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-pod
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.17.1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

---

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: tomcat-deployment
  namespace: dev
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: tomcat-pod
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: tomcat-pod
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: tomcat
        image: tomcat:8.5-jre10-slim
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
  namespace: dev
spec:
  selector:
    app: nginx-pod
  clusterIP: None
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 80

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: tomcat-service
  namespace: dev
spec:
  selector:
    app: tomcat-pod
  clusterIP: None
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - port: 8080
    targetPort: 8080

3、基本存储共享EmptyDir

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: volume-emptydir
  namespace: dev
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx:1.17.1
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
    volumeMounts:  # 将logs-volume挂在到nginx容器中，对应的目录为 /var/log/nginx
    - name: logs-volume    #引用下面声明的volume，名称保持一致
      mountPath: /var/log/nginx
  - name: busybox
    image: busybox:1.30
    command: ["/bin/sh","-c","tail -f /logs/access.log"] # 初始命令，动态读取指定文件中内容
    volumeMounts:  # 将logs-volume 挂在到busybox容器中，对应的目录为 /logs
    - name: logs-volume    #引用下面声明的volume，名称保持一致
      mountPath: /logs
  volumes: # 声明volume， name为logs-volume，类型为emptyDir
  - name: logs-volume
    emptyDir: {}

4、基本存储共享HostPath

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: volume-hostpath
  namespace: dev
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx:1.17.1
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
    volumeMounts:
    - name: logs-volume
      mountPath: /var/log/nginx
  - name: busybox
    image: busybox:1.30
    command: ["/bin/sh","-c","tail -f /logs/access.log"]
    volumeMounts:
    - name: logs-volume
      mountPath: /logs
  volumes:
  - name: logs-volume
    hostPath: 
      path: /root/logs
      type: DirectoryOrCreate  # 目录存在就使用，不存在就先创建后使用

5、基本存储之NFS

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: volume-nfs
  namespace: dev
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx:1.17.1
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
    volumeMounts:
    - name: logs-volume
      mountPath: /var/log/nginx
  - name: busybox
    image: busybox:1.30
    command: ["/bin/sh","-c","tail -f /logs/access.log"] 
    volumeMounts:
    - name: logs-volume
      mountPath: /logs
  volumes:
  - name: logs-volume
    nfs:
      server: 192.168.5.6  #nfs服务器地址
      path: /root/data/nfs #共享文件路径