俄语元音弱化的规则

• 什么叫元音弱化
  Reduction of Vowels元音弱化
  The alteration of a vowel in an unstressed position is called reduction.
  非重读音节中元音发生音变
• 五个不发生弱化的元音
  ①In unstressed position there are no alterations in reading of letters и, ы, у, ю.
  在非重读音节中，и[前元音i]，ы[中元音]，у [后元音u]，ю [ju]不发生弱化；
  ② Letter ё is always in stressed position, that is why it is read either as [jo] (at the beginning of the word, after vowels, ь and ъ) or as [o] (after consonants).
  ё永远只出现重读音节中
  中元音
• 四个发生弱化的元音
  ①重音前第一个音节，o→a
  окно́ [акно]【window】
  ②重音后第一个&前两个音节，o, a→[ə]
  ко́смос[космəс]【cosmos】
  хорошо́[хəрашо]【well/good】
  ③重音前第一个音节е, я→и[i]
  далеко́ [дəлико] 【far away】
  ④重音后第一个&前两个音节е, я→[jə]
  но́мер, [номjəр]number