关于BigDecimal操作,不会影响原对象的值

操作BigDecimal

        BigDecimal bigDecimal1 = new BigDecimal("1");
        BigDecimal bigDecimal2 = new BigDecimal("2");
        bigDecimal1.multiply(bigDecimal2);
        bigDecimal1.add(bigDecimal2);
        bigDecimal1.subtract(bigDecimal2);
        bigDecimal1.divide(bigDecimal2);

        System.out.println(bigDecimal1);

输出

1

分析与源码

查看BigDecimal源码

    /**
     * If the absolute value of the significand of this BigDecimal is
     * less than or equal to {@code Long.MAX_VALUE}, the value can be
     * compactly stored in this field and used in computations.
     */
    private final transient long intCompact;
    /**
     * The scale of this BigDecimal, as returned by {@link #scale}.
     *
     * @serial
     * @see #scale
     */
    private final int scale;  // Note: this may have any value, so
                              // calculations must be done in longs

可以发现,其实BigDecimal的实现就是一个long加上一个缩放等级, 对BigDecimal的操作都是对值进行操作,不会改变原来对象的值

add

    /**
     * Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (this +
     * augend)}, and whose scale is {@code max(this.scale(),
     * augend.scale())}.
     *
     * @param  augend value to be added to this {@code BigDecimal}.
     * @return {@code this + augend}
     */
    public BigDecimal add(BigDecimal augend) {
        if (this.intCompact != INFLATED) {
            if ((augend.intCompact != INFLATED)) {
                return add(this.intCompact, this.scale, augend.intCompact, augend.scale);
            } else {
                return add(this.intCompact, this.scale, augend.intVal, augend.scale);
            }
        } else {
            if ((augend.intCompact != INFLATED)) {
                return add(augend.intCompact, augend.scale, this.intVal, this.scale);
            } else {
                return add(this.intVal, this.scale, augend.intVal, augend.scale);
            }
        }
    }

subtract

    /**
     * Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (this -
     * subtrahend)}, and whose scale is {@code max(this.scale(),
     * subtrahend.scale())}.
     *
     * @param  subtrahend value to be subtracted from this {@code BigDecimal}.
     * @return {@code this - subtrahend}
     */
    public BigDecimal subtract(BigDecimal subtrahend) {
        if (this.intCompact != INFLATED) {
            if ((subtrahend.intCompact != INFLATED)) {
                return add(this.intCompact, this.scale, -subtrahend.intCompact, subtrahend.scale);
            } else {
                return add(this.intCompact, this.scale, subtrahend.intVal.negate(), subtrahend.scale);
            }
        } else {
            if ((subtrahend.intCompact != INFLATED)) {
                // Pair of subtrahend values given before pair of
                // values from this BigDecimal to avoid need for
                // method overloading on the specialized add method
                return add(-subtrahend.intCompact, subtrahend.scale, this.intVal, this.scale);
            } else {
                return add(this.intVal, this.scale, subtrahend.intVal.negate(), subtrahend.scale);
            }
        }
    }

multiply

    /**
     * Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is <tt>(this &times;
     * multiplicand)</tt>, and whose scale is {@code (this.scale() +
     * multiplicand.scale())}.
     *
     * @param  multiplicand value to be multiplied by this {@code BigDecimal}.
     * @return {@code this * multiplicand}
     */
    public BigDecimal multiply(BigDecimal multiplicand) {
        int productScale = checkScale((long) scale + multiplicand.scale);
        if (this.intCompact != INFLATED) {
            if ((multiplicand.intCompact != INFLATED)) {
                return multiply(this.intCompact, multiplicand.intCompact, productScale);
            } else {
                return multiply(this.intCompact, multiplicand.intVal, productScale);
            }
        } else {
            if ((multiplicand.intCompact != INFLATED)) {
                return multiply(multiplicand.intCompact, this.intVal, productScale);
            } else {
                return multiply(this.intVal, multiplicand.intVal, productScale);
            }
        }
    }

divide

/**
     * Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (this /
     * divisor)}, and whose preferred scale is {@code (this.scale() -
     * divisor.scale())}; if the exact quotient cannot be
     * represented (because it has a non-terminating decimal
     * expansion) an {@code ArithmeticException} is thrown.
     *
     * @param  divisor value by which this {@code BigDecimal} is to be divided.
     * @throws ArithmeticException if the exact quotient does not have a
     *         terminating decimal expansion
     * @return {@code this / divisor}
     * @since 1.5
     * @author Joseph D. Darcy
     */
    public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal divisor) {
        /*
         * Handle zero cases first.
         */
        if (divisor.signum() == 0) {   // x/0
            if (this.signum() == 0)    // 0/0
                throw new ArithmeticException("Division undefined");  // NaN
            throw new ArithmeticException("Division by zero");
        }

        // Calculate preferred scale
        int preferredScale = saturateLong((long) this.scale - divisor.scale);

        if (this.signum() == 0) // 0/y
            return zeroValueOf(preferredScale);
        else {
            /*
             * If the quotient this/divisor has a terminating decimal
             * expansion, the expansion can have no more than
             * (a.precision() + ceil(10*b.precision)/3) digits.
             * Therefore, create a MathContext object with this
             * precision and do a divide with the UNNECESSARY rounding
             * mode.
             */
            MathContext mc = new MathContext( (int)Math.min(this.precision() +
                                                            (long)Math.ceil(10.0*divisor.precision()/3.0),
                                                            Integer.MAX_VALUE),
                                              RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY);
            BigDecimal quotient;
            try {
                quotient = this.divide(divisor, mc);
            } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
                throw new ArithmeticException("Non-terminating decimal expansion; " +
                                              "no exact representable decimal result.");
            }

            int quotientScale = quotient.scale();

            // divide(BigDecimal, mc) tries to adjust the quotient to
            // the desired one by removing trailing zeros; since the
            // exact divide method does not have an explicit digit
            // limit, we can add zeros too.
            if (preferredScale > quotientScale)
                return quotient.setScale(preferredScale, ROUND_UNNECESSARY);

            return quotient;
        }
    }