Virtual DOM这个概念相信大部分人都不会陌生,它产生的前提是浏览器中的DOM是昂贵的,为了更直观的感受,我们可以简单地把一个div元素的属性都打印出来,可以看到真正的DOM元素是非常庞大的,因为浏览器的标准就把DOM设计得非常复杂。当我们频繁地去做DOM更新,会产生一定的性能问题。
而Virtual DOM就是用一个原生的JS对象去描述一个DOM节点,所以它比创建一个DOM的代价要小得多。在Vue.js中,Virtual DOM是用VNode这么一个Class去描述,它是定义在src/core/vdom/vnode.js中的。
export default class VNode {
tag: string | void;
data: VNodeData | void;
children: ?Array<VNode>;
text: string | void;
elm: Node | void;
ns: string | void;
context: Component | void; // rendered in this component's scope
key: string | number | void;
componentOptions: VNodeComponentOptions | void;
componentInstance: Component | void; // component instance
parent: VNode | void; // component placeholder node
// strictly internal
raw: boolean; // contains raw HTML? (server only)
isStatic: boolean; // hoisted static node
isRootInsert: boolean; // necessary for enter transition check
isComment: boolean; // empty comment placeholder?
isCloned: boolean; // is a cloned node?
isOnce: boolean; // is a v-once node?
asyncFactory: Function | void; // async component factory function
asyncMeta: Object | void;
isAsyncPlaceholder: boolean;
ssrContext: Object | void;
fnContext: Component | void; // real context vm for functional nodes
fnOptions: ?ComponentOptions; // for SSR caching
fnScopeId: ?string; // functional scope id support
constructor (
tag?: string,
data?: VNodeData,
children?: ?Array<VNode>,
text?: string,
elm?: Node,
context?: Component,
componentOptions?: VNodeComponentOptions,
asyncFactory?: Function
) {
this.tag = tag
this.data = data
this.children = children
this.text = text
this.elm = elm
this.ns = undefined
this.context = context
this.fnContext = undefined
this.fnOptions = undefined
this.fnScopeId = undefined
this.key = data && data.key
this.componentOptions = componentOptions
this.componentInstance = undefined
this.parent = undefined
this.raw = false
this.isStatic = false
this.isRootInsert = true
this.isComment = false
this.isCloned = false
this.isOnce = false
this.asyncFactory = asyncFactory
this.asyncMeta = undefined
this.isAsyncPlaceholder = false
}
// DEPRECATED: alias for componentInstance for backwards compat.
/* istanbul ignore next */
get child (): Component | void {
return this.componentInstance
}
}
可以看到 Vue.js 中的 Virtual DOM 的定义还是略微复杂一些的,因为它这里包含了很多 Vue.js 的特性。这里千万不要被这些茫茫多的属性吓到,实际上 Vue.js 中 Virtual DOM 是借鉴了一个开源库 snabbdom 的实现,然后加入了一些 Vue.js 特色的东西。我建议大家如果想深入了解 Vue.js 的 Virtual DOM 前不妨先阅读这个库的源码,因为它更加简单和纯粹。