kruskal基础算法

/*Kruskal算法
1:将所有边按照从小到大的顺序排列
2:依次将权值最小的边加入生成树的子集当中
3:重复以上的步骤直到找出n-1条边为止
注：Kruskal适合求稀疏图问题，而prim算法适合求稠密图问题
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
const int maxn = 1000 + 10;
int n, m, parent[maxn], childNum[maxn], sum;

struct Edge {
    int u, v, val;
} edge[maxn];

vector<Edge> ans;

bool cmp(const Edge & s1, const Edge & s2) {
    return s1.val < s2.val;
}

int UFind(int u) {
    return parent[u] == u ? u : UFind(parent[u]);
}

bool join(int u, int v) {
    int root1 = UFind(u);
    int root2 = UFind(v);

    if(root1 == root2)  return false;   //存在环

    if(childNum[root1] > childNum[root2]) {     //将节点数少的点连接到节点数量多的树上面
        parent[root2] = root1;
        childNum[root1] += childNum[root2];
    }
    else {
        parent[root1] = root2;
        childNum[root2] += childNum[root1];
    }
}

bool kruskal() {
    sort(edge, edge + m, cmp);
    int sideNum = 0;    //边的个数
    for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        if(join(edge[i].u, edge[i].v)) {
            sideNum++;
            sum += edge[i].val;
            ans.push_back(edge[i]);
        }

        if(sideNum == n - 1)    return true;    //如果边的个数到达n-1条，则最小生成树的构建完成
    }
    return false;
}

int main()
{
    cout << "enter the number of vertexes and sides:" << endl;
    cin >> n >> m;

    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {    //初始化
        parent[i] = i;
        childNum[i] = 1;
    }
    sum = 0;

    for(int i = 0; i < m; i++)
        cin >> edge[i].u >> edge[i].v >> edge[i].val;

    ans.clear();

    if(kruskal()) {
        cout << "kruskal path:" << endl;
        for(int i = 0; i < ans.size(); i++)     cout << ans[i].u << "->" << ans[i].v << endl;
        cout << "the sum is:" << endl;
        cout << sum << endl;
    }
    else
        cout << "error" << endl;
    return 0;
}