平时经常用springboot,可是对其自动装配功能却不甚了解。
为什么application上开启@EnableAutoConfiguration注解就可以将很多类注入bean呢。下面我们来引入实际案例。使用方面的东西还是很有用处的。在实际讲解之前咱们先回想一下在spring中如何把一个第三方类注册到spring的。
- xml 标签
- @Configuration 使用@Bean注解
- 通过@Component、@Service、通过@Component等类上的注解
- 使用@Import导入外部类
- 实现ImportSelector接口,return中定义注册的类
- 实现ImportBeanDefinitionRegitrar接口,实现reciterBeanDefinitions接口直接把对象塞到ioc中
- 实现FactoryBean,getObject()方法、getObjectType()、isSingleton(),并使用2中的@Configuration 使用@Bean注解
具体的使用例子看我另一篇博客Spring注解编程
springboot其实就是对spring的高度封装。
下面来引入一个场景。
我们有两个系统A系统和B系统,其中A系统提供工具类给B系统使用,且包路径不一样,注入spring比较麻烦,那么有什么优雅的办法将需要的类注入spring吗。可以使用注解 + @Import+@Conditional来模拟springboot自动装配
然后看springboot的应用,实际上就是对spring的使用。
首先我们有两个配置类,需要打包给B系统
@Configuration
public class RedisConfiguration {
@Bean
public RedisTemplate redisTemplate(){
return new RedisTemplate();
}
}
@Configuration
public class SqlSessionFactory {
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(){
return new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build();
}
}
只是两个简单例子,并不是实际就注入他们。
编写一个ImportSelector类,需要实现ImportSelector接口
return中添加需要在spring中注册的类
public class DefineImportSelector implements ImportSelector{
@Override
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) {
//package.class.classname
return new String[]{SqlSessionFactory.class.getName(), RedisConfiguration.class.getName()};
}
}
可以直接在application上添加@Import(DefineImportSelector.class)进行注入,或者由A系统声明注解的方式,隐式添加
注解声明
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Import(GpDefineImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableConfiguration {
}
在类中使用
@EnableConfiguration
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootDemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext ca=SpringApplication.run(SpringBootDemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
不过这种方式也有缺点,就是必须手动添加导入的类还要添加@Import注解,很不优雅,那么还有更优雅的方式吗?是不是也发现了。自己使用springboot的时候什么都没使用啊。就引入了包,就直接可以注入使用了。那么咱们一起看一下springboot的实现方式,还说上面的SpringBootDemoApplication为入口,进入注解内部
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(
excludeFilters = {@Filter(
type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
@AliasFor(
annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class
)
Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
@AliasFor(
annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class
)
String[] excludeName() default {};
@AliasFor(
annotation = ComponentScan.class,
attribute = "basePackages"
)
String[] scanBasePackages() default {};
@AliasFor(
annotation = ComponentScan.class,
attribute = "basePackageClasses"
)
Class<?>[] scanBasePackageClasses() default {};
@AliasFor(
annotation = ComponentScan.class,
attribute = "nameGenerator"
)
Class<? extends BeanNameGenerator> nameGenerator() default BeanNameGenerator.class;
@AliasFor(
annotation = Configuration.class
)
boolean proxyBeanMethods() default true;
}
发现这里使用了@EnableAutoConfiguration,启用了自动配置
继续跟踪
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";
Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
String[] excludeName() default {};
}
发现入口了吧。@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
那么看一下里面的实现吧,只截取主要方法
public class AutoConfigurationImportSelector implements DeferredImportSelector, BeanClassLoaderAware, ResourceLoaderAware, BeanFactoryAware, EnvironmentAware, Ordered {
private static final AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry EMPTY_ENTRY = new AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry();
private static final String[] NO_IMPORTS = new String[0];
private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class);
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_AUTOCONFIGURE_EXCLUDE = "spring.autoconfigure.exclude";
private ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory;
private Environment environment;
private ClassLoader beanClassLoader;
private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;
private AutoConfigurationImportSelector.ConfigurationClassFilter configurationClassFilter;
public AutoConfigurationImportSelector() {
}
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return NO_IMPORTS;
} else {
AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = this.getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);
return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
}
}
首先,AutoConfigurationImportSelector类实现了DeferredImportSelector接口,而DeferredImportSelector接口继承了ImportSelector。所以AutoConfigurationImportSelector类也实现了selectImports方法来进行注入
跟踪getAutoConfigurationEntry方法
protected AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return EMPTY_ENTRY;
} else {
AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations);
Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
configurations = this.getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
return new AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
}
}
继续看getCandidateConfigurations,主要方法就是在这里面
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader());
Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
return configurations;
}
继续看SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName();
return (List)loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList());
}
继续跟踪啊。别慌。到loadSpringFactories
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
MultiValueMap<String, String> result = (MultiValueMap)cache.get(classLoader);
if (result != null) {
return result;
} else {
try {
Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories") : ClassLoader.getSystemResources("META-INF/spring.factories");
LinkedMultiValueMap result = new LinkedMultiValueMap();
发现其实是从META-INF/spring.factories加载的。所以为了辨别真假,咱们在项目中搜搜试试,以easypoi的包为例子
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
com.lenovo.thinkbridge.bootstarter.easypoi.EasyPoiAutoConfiguration
这是key和value的格式,key都是注解。value为对应的标记了@Configuration的java配置类。
看包内容就可以发现spring.factories文件
所以在使用@SpringCloudApplication注解后,spring会自动扫描这些配置文件进行bean装载
可是这样就行了吗。是否还记得,我们使用redisson的时候,还要配置ip,端口一些内容,这些我们也没有进行注入,直接就生效了。
下面我们来手写一个Starter更深入了解一下使用
首先创建一个配置类,就是在yml中进行配置的内容 prefix里面添加前缀,比如spring中的spring,设置默认值就是在yml中没有进行配置的时候直接使用默认
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "boot.redisson")
public class RedissonProperties {
private String host="localhost";
private int port=6379;
private int timeout; //超时时间
private boolean ssl;
public String getHost() {
return host;
}
public void setHost(String host) {
this.host = host;
}
public int getPort() {
return port;
}
public void setPort(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
public int getTimeout() {
return timeout;
}
public void setTimeout(int timeout) {
this.timeout = timeout;
}
public boolean isSsl() {
return ssl;
}
public void setSsl(boolean ssl) {
this.ssl = ssl;
}
}
创建Configuration配置类,这里进行了判断。如果没有使用Redisson,是不进行bean装载的,添加 EnableConfigurationProperties,填写刚刚创建的属性类
@ConditionalOnClass(Redisson.class) //条件装配
@EnableConfigurationProperties(RedissonProperties.class)
@Configuration
public class RedissonAutoConfiguration {
@Bean
RedissonClient redissonClient(RedissonProperties redissonProperties){
Config config=new Config();
String prefix="redis://";
if(redissonProperties.isSsl()){
prefix="rediss://";
}
config.useSingleServer().
setAddress(prefix+redissonProperties.getHost()+":"+redissonProperties.getPort()).
setConnectTimeout(redissonProperties.getTimeout());
return Redisson.create(config);
}
}
以及配置META-INF/spring.factories
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
com.gupaoedu.redisson.RedissonAutoConfiguration
到这里还没有结束
在META-INF文件夹下面还要创建一个additional-spring-configuration-metadata.json文件,配置内容如下
{
"properties": [
{
"name": "boot.redisson.host",
"type": "java.lang.String",
"description": "redis的服务器地址",
"defaultValue": "localhost"
},{
"name": "boot.redisson.port",
"type": "java.lang.Integer",
"description": "redis服务器的端口",
"defaultValue": 6379
}
]
}
然后将接口打包,在B服务中引用。yml中输入boot. 就可以在yml中自动提示啦。
这就是springboot自动装配原理