Oracle 11.2.0.4 Linux 静默安装及卸载过程

Oracle安装

1.下载Oracle版本：Oracle11g

本次提供百度网盘下载，若失效请自行查找资源：

百度网盘：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1AOO8BoPc93DHGxO0bXiU4g?pwd=1qaz 
提取密码：1qaz

总共7个包，其中1、2表示Database,  用于安装、升级数据库；

3为grid infrastructure，用来升级RAC。如果要使用Clusterware、ASM、ACFS、ASM动态卷等功能时都需要先安装此包。

4表示客户端（Client）；

567不管

2.查看主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostname
localhost.localdomain

3.在/etc/hosts文件内容的最底下添加主机名，已配置此步骤省略

127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.146.134 localhost.localdomain

 4.关闭防火墙，该方法为永久关闭防火墙，

[root@localhost ~]#systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]#systemctl disable firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]#vi /etc/selinux/config
设置SELINUX=disabled
[root@localhost ~]#setenforce 0

5.安装依赖包

yum install -y automake autotools-dev binutils bzip2 elfutils expat \
gawk gcc gcc-multilib g++-multilib lib32ncurses5 lib32z1 \
ksh less lib32z1 libaio1 libaio-dev libc6-dev libc6-dev-i386 \
libc6-i386 libelf-dev libltdl-dev libodbcinstq4-1 libodbcinstq4-1:i386 \
libpth-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libstdc++5 make openssh-server rlwrap \
rpm sysstat unixodbc unixodbc-dev x11-utils zlibc cifs-utils \
libXext.x86_64  glibc.i686

6.创建用户、组、目录，显示最后一行则说明创建成功

[root@localhost ~]#groupadd oinstall
[root@localhost ~]#groupadd dba
[root@localhost ~]#useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@localhost ~]#passwd oracle
[root@localhost ~]#id oracle
uid=1000(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1001(dba)

7.创建软件安装目录

[root@localhost ~]#mkdir -p /opt/oracle //$ORACLE_BASE
[root@localhost ~]#mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1 //$ORACLE_HOME
[root@localhost ~]#mkdir /opt/oracle/oradata //存放数据库目录
[root@localhost ~]#mkdir /opt/oracle/inventory
[root@localhost ~]#mkdir /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area
[root@localhost ~]#mkdir /opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area
[root@localhost ~]#chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle

[root@localhost ~]#chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle

8.将oracle使用者加入到sudo群组中

[root@localhost ~]#vi /etc/sudoers
输入上面的命令后，打开sudoers文件进行编辑，找到
root       ALL=(ALL)       ALL 
oracle 	   ALL=(ALL)       ALL
使用:wq!退出

9.配置系统内核

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

10.修改用户限制脚本

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle           soft    nproc           2047
oracle           hard    nproc           16384
oracle           soft    nofile          1024
oracle           hard    nofile         65536
oracle           soft    stack           10240

11.关联设置

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login

最后插入
session required  /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required   pam_limits.so

12.修改/etc/profile

[root@localhost ~]#vi /etc/profile

最后插入
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi

$在root用户下，使用命令source profile使环境变量生效

[root@localhost ~]#source /etc/profile

13.修改用户环境变量

[root@localhost ~]#vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

最后添加

# For Oracle
export  ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle;
export  ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1
export  ORACLE_SID=orcl;
export  PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
    umask 022
fi

保存退出后使环境变量生效

[root@localhost ~]#source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

14.正式安装软件

下载：unzip 解压插件yum install -y unzip zip

将文件上传到/opt/oracle目录下

[root@localhost ~]#unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
[root@localhost ~]#unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

解压完成后/opt/oracle下会生成database目录

15.修改配置文件

切换用户并将安装文件复制到/opt/oracle路径下

[root@localhost ~]#cd /opt/oracle
[root@localhost ~]#su oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]#cp /opt/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp ./

对db_install.rsp文件进行编辑

[root@localhost ~]#vim db_install.rsp

一定要仔细的把参数配置完，仔细！仔细！ 

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost #实际上可以修改成你自己的主机名或者域名(IP)
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1024
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=test@qq.com #可以填写你自己的邮箱地址也可以不配置这个参数
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/opt/oracle/oradata
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

16.静默安装Oracle 11gR2

操作用户：oracle

操作目录：/opt/oracle/database

cd /opt/oracle/database
./runInstaller -silent -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /opt/oracle/db_install.rsp

安装过程到最后会出现如下界面，千万不要按<Enter>或者ctrl+c, 新打开一个连接，将给出的两个脚本文件执行一遍，执行成功后再回到当前页面按<Enter>

The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run

/opt/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
/opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:

        1. /opt/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
        2. /opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1/root.sh


Successfully Setup Software.

17.创建连接用户

操作用户：oracle

sqlplus / as sysdba

startup

 

能进去说明安装成功了

执行命令后有如下效果说明监听也是正确的

lsnrctl status

 

也可以修改/opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1/network/admin下的listener.ora 和tnsnames.ora更改监听配置，更改后执行 lsnrctl restart

lsnrctl restart  //重启
lsnrctl stop     //关闭
lsnrctl start    //启动

手动卸载Oracle

1.停止监听

[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl status

2.停止数据库

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> shutdown immediate

3.删除安装目录下所有数据

[root@localhost app]# rm -rf /opt/oracle/*

4.删除临时目录/tmp

[root@localhost tmp]# rm -rf /tmp/*

5.删除Oracle的配置文件

[root@localhost tmp]# rm -f /etc/ora*

6.删除oracle产生命令

[root@localhost tmp]# rm -f /usr/local/bin/*

7.其他的文件

[root@localhost .oracle]# rm -rf /usr/tmp/.oracle/

8.删除用户和组

[root@localhost tmp]# userdel -r oracle
[root@localhost tmp]# groupdel dba    
[root@localhost tmp]# groupdel oinstall

9.撤销oracle的资源限制文件

[root@localhost tmp]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

10.内核参数修改恢复

[root@localhost tmp]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 
[root@localhost tmp]# sysctl -p