目录
1.@SpringBootConfiguration:Spring Boot的配置类
2.@EnableAutoConfiguration:开启自动配置功能
一、环境准备
环境约束
- –jdk1.8:Spring Boot 推荐jdk1.7及以上;java version "1.8.0_91"
- –maven3.x:maven 3.3以上版本;Apache Maven 3.5.4
- –IntelliJIDEA2017:IntelliJ IDEA 2018.1.4 x64
- –SpringBoot 1.5.9.RELEASE:1.5.9;
二、MAVEN设置
- 1.给maven 的settings.xml配置文件的profiles标签添加
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.8</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
<jdk>1.8</jdk>
</activation>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
</properties>
</profile>
- 2.IDEA设置整合maven进来;
三、创建Spring Boot的 HelloWorld程序
一个功能:浏览器发送hello请求,服务器接受请求并处理,响应Hello World字符串;
- 1.创建一个maven工程;(jar)
- 2.导入spring boot相关的依赖(pom.xml)
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
- 3.编写一个主程序(启动Spring Boot应用)
/**
* @SpringBootApplication 来标注一个主程序类,说明这是一个Spring Boot应用
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloWorldMainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Spring应用启动起来
SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args);
}
}
- 4.编写相关的Controller、Service
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(){
return "Hello World!";
}
}
- 5.运行主程序测试(localhost:8080/hello)
- 6.简化部署
(1)pom.xml加入打包插件配置
<!-- 这个插件,可以将应用打包成一个可执行的jar包;-->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
(2)将这个应用打成jar包
(3)使用命令进行执行
cd jar包所在文件夹名
java -jar jar包名
四、Hello World探究
1、POM文件
- 父项目
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<!-- 他的父项目是 -->
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath>
</parent>
<!-- 他来真正管理Spring Boot应用里面的所有依赖版本;
Spring Boot的版本仲裁中心;
以后我们导入依赖默认是不需要写版本;(没有在dependencies里面管理的依赖自然需要声明版本号)
-->
- 启动器
spring-boot-starter-web:
spring-boot-starter:spring-boot场景启动器;帮我们导入了web模块正常运行所依赖的组件;
SpringBoot将所有的功能场景都抽取出来,做成一个个的starters(启动器),
只需要在项目里面引入这些starter相关场景的所有依赖都会导入进来。
要用什么功能就导入什么场景的启动器。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、主程序类,主入口类
/**
* @SpringBootApplication 来标注一个主程序类,说明这是一个Spring Boot应用
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloWorldMainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Spring应用启动起来
SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args);
}
}
@SpringBootApplication: SpringBoot应用标注在某个类上说明这个类是SpringBoot的主配置类,SpringBoot就应该运行这个类的main方法来启动SpringBoot应用;
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(
excludeFilters = {@Filter(
type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
1.@SpringBootConfiguration:Spring Boot的配置类
标注在某个类上,表示这是一个Spring Boot的配置类;
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {
- @Configuration:配置类上来标注这个注解;
配置类 ----- 配置文件;配置类也是容器中的一个组件;@Component
2.@EnableAutoConfiguration:开启自动配置功能
以前我们需要配置的东西,SpringBoot帮我们自动配置;@EnableAutoConfiguration告诉SpringBoot开启自动配置功能;这样自动配置才能生效
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
- @AutoConfigurationPackage:自动配置包
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@Import({Registrar.class})
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {
@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class):
Spring的底层注解@Import,给容器中导入一个组件;导入的组件由AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class;
static class Registrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, DeterminableImports {
Registrar() {
}
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
//拿到注解的包名进行扫描
//将主配置类(@SpringBootApplication标注的类)的所在包及下面所有子包里面的所有组件扫描到Spring容器;
//只能扫描所在包及下面所有子包里的所有组件,包外面的组件扫描不到
AutoConfigurationPackages.register(registry, (new AutoConfigurationPackages.PackageImport(metadata)).getPackageName());
}
}
- @Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class):给容器中导入组件
EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector:导入哪些组件的选择器;将所有需要导入的组件以全类名的方式返回;这些组件就会被添加到容器中;
@Deprecated
public class EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector extends AutoConfigurationImportSelector {
//父类AutoConfigurationImportSelector里面有一个selectImports方法,这个方法告诉我们要导入哪些组件
//将所有需要导入的组件以全类名的方式返回;这些组件就会被添加到容器中;
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return NO_IMPORTS;
} else {
try {
AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);
AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
//会给容器中导入非常多的自动配置类(xxxAutoConfiguration);就是给容器中导入这个场景需要的所有组件,并配置好这些组件;
List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);//获取候选的配置文件
configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations);
configurations = this.sort(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
configurations = this.filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
return (String[])configurations.toArray(new String[configurations.size()]);
} catch (IOException var6) {
throw new IllegalStateException(var6);
}
}
}
会给容器中导入非常多的自动配置类(xxxAutoConfiguration);就是给容器中导入这个场景需要的所有组件,并配置好这些组件;有了自动配置类,免去了我们手动编写配置注入功能组件等的工作;
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
//SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(EnableAutoConfiguration.class,classLoader);
List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader());
Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
return configurations;
}
//Spring Boot在启动的时候从类路径下的META-INF/spring.factories中获取EnableAutoConfiguration指定的值,
//将这些值作为自动配置类导入到容器中,自动配置类就生效,帮我们进行自动配置工作;
//以前我们需要自己配置的东西,自动配置类都帮我们;
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryClass, ClassLoader classLoader) {
String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();
try {
Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories") : ClassLoader.getSystemResources("META-INF/spring.factories");
ArrayList result = new ArrayList();
while(urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = (URL)urls.nextElement();
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(new UrlResource(url));
String factoryClassNames = properties.getProperty(factoryClassName);
result.addAll(Arrays.asList(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(factoryClassNames)));
}
return result;
} catch (IOException var8) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load [" + factoryClass.getName() + "] factories from location [" + "META-INF/spring.factories" + "]", var8);
}
}
J2EE的整体整合解决方案和自动配置都在spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar;