Servlet基本介绍及用法

Servlet是什么

servlet是运行在服务端的java程序，具有响应和请求的功能，表单提交通过post和get方式提交

Servlet的生命周期

servlet实例化-初始化init()-调用service()响应客户请求doGet,doPost-销毁destory()（关闭服务器）

Servlet的请求流程

1.用户请求页面提交一个表单
2.表单的action被web.xml的servlet-mapping获取，找到对应Servlet
3.Servlet进行逻辑处理，通过请求转发或重定向返回页面

怎么使用

1.通过继承httpservlet创建
2.通过配置web.xml，获取servlet，提交服务器请求运行，也可以通过注解@WebServlet运行，这样就不用配置web.xml
3.执行原理：httpservlet里面的service方法获取request的响应get和post，分别调用不同的方法
下面通过一个简单的用户登陆来展示怎么使用Servlet
1.首先要配置web.xml

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>LoginDemo</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.crc.servlet.servletDemo</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>LoginDemo</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/LoginDemo1</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

url-pattern代表表单提交的action
2.配置登陆页面Login.jsp

<form action="LoginDemo1" method="post">
    user:<input type="text" name="username" >
    pass:<input type="password" name="password">
    <input type="submit" value="submit">
  </form>

这里的action写LoginDemo1，前面不用“/”符号
3.编写Servlet类

public class servletDemo extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public servletDemo() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
    }
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        String a=request.getParameter("username");
        String b=request.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println("user:"+a);
        System.out.println("password:"+b);
        response.sendRedirect("success.jsp");
//      request.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(request, response);
    }
}

浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/AjaxTest/Login.jsp，即可访问这个Servlet