UNIX入门之常用头文件apue.h （附带去除文档空格的代码）

apue.h：

#####################################################

#ifndef _APUE_H 
#define _APUE_H 


#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 */ 
#include <sys/types.h> /* some systems still require this */ 
#include <sys/stat.h> 
#include <sys/termios.h> /* for winsize */ 
#ifndef TIOCGWINSZ 
#include <sys/ioctl.h> 
#endif 
#include <stdio.h> /* for convenience */ 
#include <stdlib.h> /* for convenience */ 
#include <stddef.h> /* for offsetof */ 
#include <string.h> /* for convenience */ 
#include <unistd.h> /* for convenience */ 
#include <signal.h> /* for SIG_ERR */ 




#define MAXLINE 4096 /* max line length */ 


/* 
* Default file access permissions for new files. 
*/ 
#define FILE_MODE (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH) 


/* 
* Default permissions for new directories. 
*/ 
#define DIR_MODE (FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH) 


typedef void Sigfunc(int); /* for signal handlers */ 


#if defined(SIG_IGN) && !defined(SIG_ERR) 
#define SIG_ERR ((Sigfunc *)-1) 
#endif 


#define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b)) 
#define max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b)) 


/* 
* Prototypes for our own functions. 
*/ 
char *path_alloc(int *); /* Figure 2.15 */ 
long open_max(void); /* Figure 2.16 */ 
void clr_fl(int, int); /* Figure 3.11 */ 
void set_fl(int, int); /* Figure 3.11 */ 
void pr_exit(int); /* Figure 8.5 */ 
void pr_mask(const char *); /* Figure 10.14 */ 
Sigfunc *signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *); /* Figure 10.19 */ 


int tty_cbreak(int); /* Figure 18.20 */ 
int tty_raw(int); /* Figure 18.20 */ 
int tty_reset(int); /* Figure 18.20 */ 
void tty_atexit(void); /* Figure 18.20 */ 
#ifdef ECHO /* only if <termios.h> has been included */ 
struct termios *tty_termios(void); /* Figure 18.20 */ 
#endif 


void sleep_us(unsigned int); /* Exercise 14.6 */ 
ssize_t readn(int, void *, size_t); /* Figure 14.29 */ 
ssize_t writen(int, const void *, size_t); /* Figure 14.29 */ 
void daemonize(const char *); /* Figure 13.1 */ 


int s_pipe(int *); /* Figures 17.6 and 17.13 */ 
int recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func)(int, 
const void *, size_t));/* Figures 17.21 and 17.23 */ 
int send_fd(int, int); /* Figures 17.20 and 17.22 */ 
int send_err(int, int, 
const char *); /* Figure 17.19 */ 
int serv_listen(const char *); /* Figures 17.10 and 17.15 */ 
int serv_accept(int, uid_t *); /* Figures 17.11 and 17.16 */ 


int cli_conn(const char *); /* Figures 17.12 and 17.17 */ 
int buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int, 
char **)); /* Figure 17.32 */ 


int ptym_open(char *, int); /* Figures 19.8, 19.9, and 19.10 */ 
int ptys_open(char *); /* Figures 19.8, 19.9, and 19.10 */ 
#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ 
pid_t pty_fork(int *, char *, int, const struct termios *, 
const struct winsize *); /* Figure 19.11 */ 
#endif 


int lock_reg(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* Figure 14.5 */ 
#define read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) 
#define readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) 
#define write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) 
#define writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) 
#define un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) 


pid_t lock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* Figure 14.6 */ 


#define is_read_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \
(lock_test((fd), F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0) 
#define is_write_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \
(lock_test((fd), F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0) 


void err_dump(const char *, ...); /* Appendix B */ 
void err_msg(const char *, ...); 
void err_quit(const char *, ...); 
void err_exit(int, const char *, ...); 
void err_ret(const char *, ...); 
void err_sys(const char *, ...); 


void log_msg(const char *, ...); /* Appendix B */ 
void log_open(const char *, int, int); 
void log_quit(const char *, ...); 
void log_ret(const char *, ...); 
void log_sys(const char *, ...); 


void TELL_WAIT(void); /* parent/child from Section 8.9 */ 
void TELL_PARENT(pid_t); 
void TELL_CHILD(pid_t); 
void WAIT_PARENT(void); 
void WAIT_CHILD(void); 


#endif /* _APUE_H */ 

################################################

myerror.h

#include <errno.h> /* for definition of errno */
#include <stdarg.h> /* ISO C variable aruments */

static void err_doit(int, int, const char *, va_list);

/*
 *  * Nonfatal error related to a system call.
 *   * Print a message and return.
 *    */
void err_ret(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
}


/*
 *  * Fatal error related to a system call.
 *   * Print a message and terminate.
 *    */
void err_sys(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	exit(1);
}


/*
 *  * Fatal error unrelated to a system call.
 *   * Error code passed as explict parameter.
 *    * Print a message and terminate.
 *     */
void err_exit(int error, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	err_doit(1, error, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	exit(1);
}


/*
 *  * Fatal error related to a system call.
 *   * Print a message, dump core, and terminate.
 *    */
void err_dump(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	abort(); /* dump core and terminate */
	exit(1); /* shouldn't get here */
}


/*
 *  * Nonfatal error unrelated to a system call.
 *   * Print a message and return.
 *    */
void err_msg(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
}


/*
 *  * Fatal error unrelated to a system call.
 *   * Print a message and terminate.
 *    */
void err_quit(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	exit(1);
}


/*
 *  * Print a message and return to caller.
 *   * Caller specifies "errnoflag".
 *    */
static void err_doit(int errnoflag, int error, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
{
	char buf[MAXLINE];
	vsnprintf(buf, MAXLINE, fmt, ap);
	if (errnoflag)
		snprintf(buf+strlen(buf), MAXLINE-strlen(buf), ": %s",
				strerror(error));
	strcat(buf, "\n");
	fflush(stdout); /* in case stdout and stderr are the same */
	fputs(buf, stderr);
	fflush(NULL); /* flushes all stdio output streams */
}

去除文件中多余空格并清理格式的代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>


void rmBuff(int i,int len,char* buff){


	while(i <= (len - 2)){
		buff[i] = buff[i+1];
		i++;
	}
}


int main(int argc,char* argv[]){


	char buff[100];
	unsigned int len;
	int count = 0;
	int i;
	int numSpace;
	int n;


	while( fgets(buff,100,stdin) != NULL){
		count ++;
		len = strlen(buff);
		if(buff[len-1] == '\n'){
			len++;
			buff[len-1] = 0;
		}

		i = 0;
		numSpace = 0;
		while(i < len){
			if((buff[i] == ' ') && (numSpace == 0)){
				rmBuff(i,len,buff);
				len --;
			}
			else if((buff[i] != ' ') && (numSpace == 0))
				numSpace = 1;


			if((numSpace == 1) && ( buff[i] == ' ')){
				if(i<(len - 1)){
					while(buff[i+1] == ' '){
						if(i < (len-2))
							rmBuff(i+1,len,buff);
						len --;
					}
				}
			}
			i++;
		}
		while(buff[len-1] == ' '){
			len--;
		}
		n = write(STDOUT_FILENO,buff,len-1);
		if(n<0)
			printf("%d write error",count);
		len  = 0;
	}
	exit(0);
}