SpringBoot单元测试及JMockit使用
记录一下我总结的SpringBoot单元测试的方法。
1、功能方法代码
首先贴一下用到的代码：
1、目录结构
2、pom.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.java.ccs</groupId>
<artifactId>springboottest</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring.version>5.2.0.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.2.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<!-- 先声明jmockit的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jmockit</groupId>
<artifactId>jmockit</artifactId>
<version>1.36</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 再声明junit的依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--Spring核心容器模块-->
<!--<dependency>-->
<!--<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>-->
<!--<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>-->
<!--<version>${spring.version}</version>-->
<!--</dependency>-->
<!--<dependency>-->
<!--<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>-->
<!--<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>-->
<!--<version>${spring.version}</version>-->
<!--</dependency>-->
<!--<dependency>-->
<!--<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>-->
<!--<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>-->
<!--<version>${spring.version}</version>-->
<!--</dependency>-->
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3、applicationContext.xml文件
这里其实就是Spring配置文件，模拟通过配置文件实现依赖注入的形式
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 开启annotation配置 -->
<context:annotation-config/>
<!-- 扫描以com开头的包里边的bean -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.java.ccs.springboottest"/>
</beans>
4、SpringBoot的启动类
/**
* @author Caocs
* @date 2020/4/13
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(App.class);
}
}
5、dao层
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @author Caocs
* @date 2020/4/13
*/
@Component
public class UserDao {
public String getUser(String name){
return "this is "+ name;
}
}
6、service层
import com.java.ccs.springboottest.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* @author Caocs
* @date 2020/4/13
*/
@Service
public class UserService {
@Autowired
UserDao userDao;
public String getUser(String name){
return userDao.getUser(name);
}
}
7、controller层
import com.java.ccs.springboottest.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* @author Caocs
* @date 2020/4/13
*/
@Service
public class UserAction {
@Autowired
UserService userService;
public void getUser(){
String name = "ccs";
// 依赖注入时，如果通过new UserService()生成新实例的话，则userService 对象中useDao对象就会没有注入进来，会为null。
// UserService userService = new UserService();
String result = userService.getUser(name);
System.out.println(result);
}
}
2、测试代码
对SpringBoot进行单元测试，我总结了下面几种方式：
方法1：
使用ApplicationContext来初始化系统，然后获取实例。
import com.java.ccs.springboottest.action.UserAction;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
* @author Caocs
* @date 2020/4/13
*/
public class UserTest {
@Test
public void test(){
// 使用ApplicationContext来初始化系统
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//通过spring获取实例对象
UserAction userAction = (UserAction) context.getBean("userAction");
userAction.getUser();
}
}
方法2：
以SpringJUnit4ClassRunner作为启动类，并指定配置文件
import com.java.ccs.springboottest.action.UserAction;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
/**
* @author Caocs
* @date 2020/4/13
*/
//RunWith的value属性指定以spring test的SpringJUnit4ClassRunner作为启动类
//如果不指定启动类，默认启用的junit中的默认启动类
@RunWith(value = SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//指定在单元测试启动的时候创建spring的工厂类对象
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:applicationContext.xml"})
public class UserTest2 {
@Autowired
UserAction userAction;
@Test
public void test(){
userAction.getUser();
}
}
方法3：
通过@SpringBootTest指定启动项，加载初始化。然后用SpringRunner类启动
import com.java.ccs.springboottest.action.UserAction;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
/**
* @author Caocs
* @date 2020/4/13
*/
// SpringRunner其实就是继承自SpringJUnit4ClassRunner类
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
// 启动Spring，指定启动类
@SpringBootTest(classes = App.class)
public class UserTest3 {
@Autowired
UserAction userAction;
@Test
public void test(){
userAction.getUser();
}
}
方法4：
通过@SpringBootTest指定启动项，加载初始化。然后用SpringRunner类启动。
使用JMockit中的MockUp方式对方法进行Mock。
import com.java.ccs.springboottest.action.UserAction;
import com.java.ccs.springboottest.service.UserService;
import mockit.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
/**
* @author Caocs
* @date 2020/4/13
*/
// SpringRunner其实就是继承自SpringJUnit4ClassRunner类
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
// 启动Spring，指定启动类
@SpringBootTest(classes = App.class)
public class UserTest4 {
@Autowired
UserAction userAction;
@Test
public void test(){
//进行mock
new MockUp<UserService>(){
@Mock
public String getUser(String name){
return "userService mock result";
}
};
userAction.getUser();
}
}
方法5：
通过@SpringBootTest指定启动项，加载初始化。然后用SpringRunner类启动。
使用JMockit中的Expectations方式对方法进行Mock。
import com.java.ccs.springboottest.action.UserAction;
import com.java.ccs.springboottest.service.UserService;
import mockit.Expectations;
import mockit.Mock;
import mockit.MockUp;
import mockit.Mocked;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
/**
* @author Caocs
* @date 2020/4/13
*/
// SpringRunner其实就是继承自SpringJUnit4ClassRunner类
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
// 启动Spring，指定启动类
@SpringBootTest(classes = App.class)
public class UserTest5 {
@Autowired
UserAction userAction;
@Test
public void test(@Mocked UserService userService){
new Expectations(UserService.class){
// new Expectations(userService){ // 此处不能传对象作为参数，因为@Mocked的对象和userAction中注入的对象不是同一个对象
{
userService.getUser("ccs");
result = "userService mock result";
}
};
userAction.getUser();
}
}
方法6：
使用TestWatcher对单元测试结果展示进行包裹，便于展示。
并且自定义抽象类来启动@SpringBootTest单元测试。
这样，以后就可以直接继承这个抽象类进行SpringBoot的单元测试。
1、TestProgress 类
通过继承TestWatcher ，用于实现对单元测试结果进行包裹。
import org.junit.rules.TestWatcher;
import org.junit.runner.Description;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Instant;
/**
* @author Caocs
* @date 2020/4/19
*/
public class TestProgress extends TestWatcher {
public static final String ANSI_RESET = "\u001B[0m";
public static final String ANSI_GREEN = "\u001B[32m";
private Instant start;
@Override
protected void starting(Description description) {
start = Instant.now();
System.out.println("\n" + ANSI_GREEN + "***************[Test Case starting] "
+ description.getTestClass().getSimpleName() + "." + description.getMethodName()
+ "()***************\n" + ANSI_RESET);
}
@Override
protected void finished(Description description) {
System.out.println("\n" + ANSI_GREEN + "***************[Test Case finished] "
+ description.getTestClass().getSimpleName() + "." + description.getMethodName()
+ "()***************\n" + ANSI_RESET);
System.out.println(String.format("end run caculate,cost{%d}(ms)",
Duration.between(start, Instant.now()).toMillis()));
}
}
2、SpringBootTestInitializer类
其实只是一个单纯的SpringBoot启动类
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;
/**
* @author Caocs
* @date 2020/4/19
*/
@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = {"com.java.ccs.springboottest"})
public class SpringBootTestInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer { // 此处不用继承自SpringBootServletInitializer也可以
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBootTestInitializer.class, args);
}
/**
* Configure your application when it’s launched by the servlet container
*/
@Override
protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
return application.sources(SpringBootTestInitializer.class);
}
}
3、AbstractSpringContextTest类
把@SpringBootTest做单元测试的部分，做成一个抽象类。这样，以后写单元测试的时候只需要继承该类即可。
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.rules.TestRule;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
/**
* @author Caocs
* @date 2020/4/19
*/
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = SpringBootTestInitializer.class)
public abstract class AbstractSpringContextTest {
@Rule
public TestRule testProgress = new TestProgress();
}
4、测试用例类
import com.java.ccs.springboottest.action.UserAction;
import com.java.ccs.springboottest.service.UserService;
import mockit.Mock;
import mockit.MockUp;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
/**
* @author Caocs
* @date 2020/4/19
*/
public class UserTest6 extends AbstractSpringContextTest {
@Autowired
UserAction userAction;
@Test
public void test(){
//进行mock
new MockUp<UserService>(){
@Mock
public String getUser(String name){
return "userService mock result";
}
};
userAction.getUser();
}
}
5、结果显示
这样，我们在控制台上，会发现我们的测试结果外边做了封装，更加的直观明了。
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