Netty是一个基于Java NIO(Non-blocking I/O)的网络编程框架,用于快速开发高性能、可扩展的网络应用程序。它提供了简单而强大的API,使得网络编程变得更加容易和高效。
下面是一个简单的Netty项目示例:
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
public class NettyServer {
private int port;
public NettyServer(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
public void start() throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new NettyServerHandler());
}
})
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
System.out.println("Server started on port " + port);
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
NettyServer server = new NettyServer(port);
server.start();
}
}
上述示例是一个简单的Netty服务器,它监听指定的端口并处理客户端的连接请求。在initChannel
方法中,我们可以定义自己的NettyServerHandler
来处理客户端请求。
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
public class NettyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
byte[] data = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
buf.readBytes(data);
String request = new String(data, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("Received request: " + request);
// 处理客户端请求
String response = "Hello from Netty Server";
ByteBuf responseBuf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(response.getBytes());
ctx.write(responseBuf);
}
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ctx.flush();
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
}
上述示例中的NettyServerHandler
继承自ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter
,并重写了几个方法来处理客户端请求。在channelRead
方法中,我们可以根据实际需求解析和处理客户端发送的数据,并给客户端发送响应。
这只是一个简单的Netty项目示例,你可以根据自己的需求进一步扩展和定制。Netty提供了丰富的组件和API,可以用于构建各种类型的网络应用程序,如服务器、客户端、代理等。你可以使用Netty来实现高性能、可靠的网络通信,处理并发连接和大量数据传输。