Java——枚举

Java——枚举

所谓枚举类，就是定义一个类，这个类只能有固定个数的对象，一般用来归纳那些固定类型的事物，比如一年有四季、坦克大战游戏中有四个方向等。Java1.5之后新增了enum关键字用来定义枚举类

1、使用关键字enum定义枚举类

package com.kexin.study;

public class TestEnum {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println(Season.SPRING.name);
		//这样就可以为每个坦克创建一个方向，当按键时通过判断方向来决定动向
		Direction direction = Direction.UP;
		switch(direction){
			case UP:
				break;
			case DOWN:
				break;
			case LEFT:
				break;
			case RIGHT:
				break;
		}
	}

}
/**
 * @author KeXin
 * 使用enum关键字定义一个枚举类
 * 该类的对象只能在类内实例化
 */
enum Season{
	//定义四个Season对象
	SPRING("spring","flower"),SUMMER("summer","tree"),AUTUM("autum","leaves"),WINTER("winter","snow");
	String name,dec;
	private Season(String name, String dec) {
		this.name = name;
		this.dec = dec;
	}
}
//定义四个方向
enum Direction{
	UP,DOWN,LEFT,RIGHT;
}

enum还提供了一个values()方法，用来获得所用枚举类型：

//使用values获得定义的所有枚举类型
		Season[] seasons = Season.values();
		for(int i =0;i<seasons.length;i++){
			System.out.println(seasons[i].name);
		}

2、自定义一个枚举类

自定义个枚举类并不麻烦，需要四个步骤：

• 将属性声明为private final
• 将构造器声明为private，从而只能在类内部实例化对象
• 创建对象后声明为public static final
• 在枚举类之外新建对象赋值为类内对象之一

package com.kexin.study;

public class TestMyEnum {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println(MyEnum.AUTUMN.getName());
	}
	
}
class MyEnum{
	private final String name,dec;	//将属性声明为private final
	public final static MyEnum SPRING = new MyEnum("spring","flower");
	public final static MyEnum SUMMER = new MyEnum("summer","tree");
	public final static MyEnum AUTUMN = new MyEnum("autum","leaves");
	public final static MyEnum WINTER = new MyEnum("winter","snow");
	//将构造器声明为private
	private MyEnum(String name, String dec) {
		this.name = name;
		this.dec = dec;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public String getDec() {
		return dec;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "MyEnum [name=" + name + ", dec=" + dec + "]";
	}
	
}

3、枚举类与继承

枚举类同样可以继承接口并重写其方法，不止是普通类的那种重写，还可以为每个枚举类型定制：

interface Show{
	public void Show();
}
/**
 * @author KeXin
 * 使用enum关键字定义一个枚举类
 * 该类的对象只能在类内实例化
 */
enum Season implements Show{
	//定义四个Season对象
	SPRING("spring","flower"){
		@Override
		public void Show() {
			System.out.println("This is spring");
		}
	},SUMMER("summer","tree"){
		@Override
		public void Show() {
			System.out.println("This is summer");
		}
	},AUTUM("autum","leaves"){
		@Override
		public void Show() {
			System.out.println("This is autumn");
		}
		
	},WINTER("winter","snow"){
		@Override
		public void Show() {
			System.out.println("This is winter");
		}
		
	};
	String name,dec;
	private Season(String name, String dec) {
		this.name = name;
		this.dec = dec;
	}
}