Java——反射基础

Java——反射基础

一个类是由成员变量（字段）、方法、构造器等部分组成的，反射的概念就是通过加载类、解剖类的各个组成部分，从而实现对类的各个部分的操作。涉及的类主要有Class、Method、Constructor、Field等。

1. 加载类的三种常用方法：
   
   • Class c = Class.forName(path);//path是要加载类的包路径
   • Class c = Person.getClass();//Person是要加载的类
   • Class c = Person.class;
2. 解剖类的各个组成部分

package com.kexin.day1;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import org.junit.Test;

public class Demo3 {
    /*
     * 使用反射机制获取类的构造函数，并创建实例
     */
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception{
        //获取不带参反射类构造函数public Person()
        Class class1 = Class.forName("com.kexin.day1.Person");
        Constructor c = class1.getConstructor(null);
        Person p = (Person) c.newInstance(null);
    }
    @Test
    public void test1() throws Exception{
        //获取带参反射类构造函数public Person(String name)
        Class class1 = Class.forName("com.kexin.day1.Person");
        Constructor c = class1.getConstructor(String.class);
        Person p = (Person) c.newInstance("Tom");
    }
    @Test
    public void test2() throws Exception{
        //获取私有构造函数private Person(long ID)
        Class class1 = Class.forName("com.kexin.day1.Person");
        Constructor c = class1.getDeclaredConstructor(long.class);
        c.setAccessible(true);//强制访问
        Person p = (Person) c.newInstance(123456);
    }
    @Test
    public void test3() throws Exception{
        //获取无参反射类函数public void Run()
        Person p = new Person();
        Class class1 = Class.forName("com.kexin.day1.Person");
        Method m = class1.getMethod("Run",null);
        m.invoke(p, null);
    }
    @Test
    public void test4() throws Exception{
        //获取含参反射类函数public int Run(int v)
        Person p = new Person();
        Class class1 = Class.forName("com.kexin.day1.Person");
        Method m = class1.getMethod("Run",int.class);
        int n = (int) m.invoke(p, 22);
        System.out.println(n);
    }
    @Test
    public void test5() throws Exception{
        //获取含参反射类私有函数private void Eat()
        Person p = new Person();
        Class class1 = Class.forName("com.kexin.day1.Person");
        Method m = class1.getDeclaredMethod("Eat",null);
        m.setAccessible(true);
        m.invoke(p, null);
    }
    @Test
    public void test6() throws Exception{
        //获取反射类静态函数public static void Eat(String name)
        Person p = new Person();
        Class class1 = Class.forName("com.kexin.day1.Person");
        Method m = class1.getDeclaredMethod("Eat",String.class);
        m.invoke(null,"Tom");
    }
    @Test
    public void test7() throws Exception{
        //获取反射类字段
        Person p = new Person();
        Class class1 = Class.forName("com.kexin.day1.Person");
        Field f = class1.getField("age");
        Class type = f.getType();
        if(type.equals(int.class))
            System.out.println(f.get(p));
    }
    @Test
    public void test8() throws Exception{
        //获取反射类私有字段
        Person p = new Person();
        Class class1 = Class.forName("com.kexin.day1.Person");
        Field f = class1.getDeclaredField("name");
        f.setAccessible(true);
        Class type = f.getType();
        if(type.equals(String.class)){
            System.out.println(f.get(p));
            f.set(p, "Jerry");
            System.out.println(f.get(p));
        }
    }
}

Person类：

package com.kexin.day1;

public class Person {
    private String name = "Tom";
    public int age = 10;
    public Person(){
        System.out.println(name);
    }
    public Person(String name){
        this.name = name;
        System.out.println("I am "+name);
    }
    private Person(long ID){
        System.out.println(name + "'s ID is "+ID);
    }
    public void Run(){
        System.out.println(name + " is Running");
    }
    public int Run(int v){
        System.out.println(name + "'s vate is "+v+"km/h");
        return 1;
    }
    private void Eat(){
        System.out.println(name + " is Eating");
    }
    public static void Eat(String name){
        System.out.println(name + " is Eating");
    }
}