python final 类 和 方法

final类：
参考连接 这里

class FinalMeta(type):

    def __new__(mcls, name, bases, dict):
        for base in bases:
            if isinstance(base, FinalMeta):
                raise TypeError("type '{0}' is not an acceptable base type".format(base.__name__))
        cls = super().__new__(mcls, name, bases, dict)
        return cls

class Parent(dict, metaclass=FinalMeta):
    pass

class Child(Parent):
    pass

输出：
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/rainman/test.py", line 18, in <module>
    class Child(Parent):
  File "/home/rainman/test.py", line 11, in __new__
    raise TypeError("type '{0}' is not an acceptable base type".format(base.__name__))
TypeError: type 'Parent' is not an acceptable base type

final 方法：
参考连接 这里

class NonOverridable(type):
    def __new__(self, name, bases, dct):
        if bases and "roo" in dct:
            raise SyntaxError, "Overriding roo is not allowed"
        return type.__new__(self, name, bases, dct)

class foo:
    __metaclass__=NonOverridable
    ...