CentOS7 使用 YUM 安装时报错:cannot find a valid baseurl for repo:base/7/x86_64
的解决方法
报错信息
在 CentOS7 系统中执行 yum
命令,例如:
yum install sendmail maix -y
时,出现如下报错信息:
[root@localhost 102-mysqlbackup]# yum install sendmail maix -y
已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=stock error was
14: curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org; 未知的错误"
One of the configured repositories failed (未知),
and yum doesn't have enough cached data to continue. At this point the only
safe thing yum can do is fail. There are a few ways to work "fix" this:
1. Contact the upstream for the repository and get them to fix the problem.
2. Reconfigure the baseurl/etc. for the repository, to point to a working
upstream. This is most often useful if you are using a newer
distribution release than is supported by the repository (and the
packages for the previous distribution release still work).
3. Run the command with the repository temporarily disabled
yum --disablerepo=<repoid> ...
4. Disable the repository permanently, so yum won't use it by default. Yum
will then just ignore the repository until you permanently enable it
again or use --enablerepo for temporary usage:
yum-config-manager --disable <repoid>
or
subscription-manager repos --disable=<repoid>
5. Configure the failing repository to be skipped, if it is unavailable.
Note that yum will try to contact the repo. when it runs most commands,
so will have to try and fail each time (and thus. yum will be much slower).
If it is a very temporary problem though, this is often a nice compromise:
yum-config-manager --save --setopt=<repoid>.skip_if_unavailable=true
Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base/7/x86_64
报错原因
根据错误提示,无法找到有效的 baseurl,这通常由以下几种情况引起:
-
电脑无法上网
检查网络连接是否正常。例如,运行以下命令测试网络连通性:ping 114.114.114.114
如果无法 ping 通,说明网络连接有问题。解决网络问题后再继续排查。
-
DNS 配置有问题
通过以下命令检查 DNS 配置是否正常:nslookup www.baidu.com
或者直接:
ping www.baidu.com
如果无法解析域名,则可能是 DNS 配置问题。可以尝试更换 DNS。
-
YUM 源问题
电脑可以上网,DNS 也配置正常,但依然无法解析 YUM 源地址。这种情况下,可以考虑更换 YUM 源。例如,使用阿里云的镜像源。
解决方法
1. 有 wget 工具
如果系统中有 wget
工具,可以直接参考以下步骤更换 YUM 源:
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
2. 无 wget 工具
如果系统中没有安装 wget
,可以手动下载 Centos-7.repo
文件,然后通过 SSH 工具上传到服务器。步骤如下:
-
访问阿里云镜像网站 阿里云 CentOS 镜像源。
-
下载
Centos-7.repo
文件。 -
使用 SSH 工具将文件上传到服务器的
/root
目录。 -
将文件复制到
/etc/yum.repos.d/
目录:cp /root/Centos-7.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
禁用报错的 Repository
如果执行yum仍然报错,在遇到某些 repo 报错时,可以禁用它们,避免错误干扰。以下命令可以禁用特定 repo,例如 centos-sclo-rh
:
sudo yum-config-manager --disable centos-sclo-rh