堆的插入的时候实在树的最下面插入。例如
97
/ \
95 69
/ \ / \
65 67 26 26
/ \ / \ / \ / \
10 65 67
在该树中，插入一个新的数据的时候，是要在第四层67的右边插入假如插入的数据是96.那么此时不满足最大堆（最小堆）那么96比67大，所以96和67交换位置。96也比95大，所以96再次和95交换。此时96不必它的父节点97大，所以当前就是它应该存在的位置，最后得到新树
97
/ \
96 69
/ \ / \
65 95 26 26
/ \ / \ / \ / \
10 65 67 67
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
// 在堆的有关操作中，需要比较堆中元素的大小，所以Item需要extends Comparable
public class MaxHeap<Item extends Comparable> {
protected Item[] data;
protected int count;
protected int capacity;
// 构造函数, 构造一个空堆, 可容纳capacity个元素
public MaxHeap(int capacity){
data = (Item[])new Comparable[capacity+1];
count = 0;
this.capacity = capacity;
}
// 返回堆中的元素个数
public int size(){
return count;
}
// 返回一个布尔值, 表示堆中是否为空
public boolean isEmpty(){
return count == 0;
}
// 像最大堆中插入一个新的元素 item
public void insert(Item item){
assert count + 1 <= capacity;
data[count+1] = item;
count ++;
shiftUp(count);
}
// 交换堆中索引为i和j的两个元素
private void swap(int i, int j){
Item t = data[i];
data[i] = data[j];
data[j] = t;
}
//********************
//* 最大堆核心辅助函数
//********************
private void shiftUp(int k){
while( k > 1 && data[k/2].compareTo(data[k]) < 0 ){
swap(k, k/2);
k /= 2;
}
}
// 测试 MaxHeap
public static void main(String[] args) {
MaxHeap<Integer> maxHeap = new MaxHeap<Integer>(100);
int N = 50; // 堆中元素个数
int M = 100; // 堆中元素取值范围[0, M)
for( int i = 0 ; i < N ; i ++ )
maxHeap.insert( new Integer((int)(Math.random() * M)) );
System.out.println(maxHeap.size());
}
}辅助类，用于打印出树的样子
也就是这样
The max heap size is: 31
Data in the max heap:
98 81 97 74 78 80 53 50 63 68 61 56 71 37 47 1 45 33 56 6 62 48 17 9 51 1 31 0 2 12 44
98
/ \
81 97
/ \ / \
74 78 80 53
/ \ / \ / \ / \
50 63 68 61 56 71 37 47
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
1 45 33 56 6 62 48 17 9 51 1 31 0 2 12 44
// 我们的PrintableMaxHeap只能处理整数信息，所以继承的是MaxHeap<Comparable<Integer>>
public class PrintableMaxHeap extends MaxHeap<Comparable<Integer>>{
public PrintableMaxHeap(int capacity){
super(capacity);
}
// 以树状打印整个堆结构
public void treePrint(){
if( size() >= 100 ){
System.out.println("This print function can only work for less than 100 integer");
return;
}
System.out.println("The max heap size is: " + size());
System.out.println("Data in the max heap: ");
for( int i = 1 ; i <= size() ; i ++ ){
// 我们的print函数要求堆中的所有整数在[0, 100)的范围内
assert (Integer)data[i] >= 0 && (Integer)data[i] < 100;
System.out.print(data[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println();
int n = size();
int maxLevel = 0;
int numberPerLevel = 1;
while( n > 0 ){
maxLevel += 1;
n -= numberPerLevel;
numberPerLevel *= 2;
}
int maxLevelNumber = (int)Math.pow(2, maxLevel-1);
int curTreeMaxLevelNumber = maxLevelNumber;
int index = 1;
for( int level = 0 ; level < maxLevel ; level ++ ){
String line1 = new String(new char[maxLevelNumber*3-1]).replace('\0', ' ');
int curLevelNumber = Math.min(count-(int)Math.pow(2,level)+1,(int)Math.pow(2,level));
boolean isLeft = true;
for( int indexCurLevel = 0 ; indexCurLevel < curLevelNumber ; index ++ , indexCurLevel ++ ){
line1 = putNumberInLine( (Integer)data[index] , line1 , indexCurLevel , curTreeMaxLevelNumber*3-1 , isLeft );
isLeft = !isLeft;
}
System.out.println(line1);
if( level == maxLevel - 1 )
break;
String line2 = new String(new char[maxLevelNumber*3-1]).replace('\0', ' ');
for( int indexCurLevel = 0 ; indexCurLevel < curLevelNumber ; indexCurLevel ++ )
line2 = putBranchInLine( line2 , indexCurLevel , curTreeMaxLevelNumber*3-1 );
System.out.println(line2);
curTreeMaxLevelNumber /= 2;
}
}
private String putNumberInLine( Integer num, String line, int indexCurLevel, int curTreeWidth, boolean isLeft){
int subTreeWidth = (curTreeWidth - 1) / 2;
int offset = indexCurLevel * (curTreeWidth+1) + subTreeWidth;
assert offset + 1 < line.length();
if( num >= 10 )
line = line.substring(0, offset+0) + num.toString()
+ line.substring(offset+2);
else{
if( isLeft)
line = line.substring(0, offset+0) + num.toString()
+ line.substring(offset+1);
else
line = line.substring(0, offset+1) + num.toString()
+ line.substring(offset+2);
}
return line;
}
private String putBranchInLine( String line, int indexCurLevel, int curTreeWidth){
int subTreeWidth = (curTreeWidth - 1) / 2;
int subSubTreeWidth = (subTreeWidth - 1) / 2;
int offsetLeft = indexCurLevel * (curTreeWidth+1) + subSubTreeWidth;
assert offsetLeft + 1 < line.length();
int offsetRight = indexCurLevel * (curTreeWidth+1) + subTreeWidth + 1 + subSubTreeWidth;
assert offsetRight < line.length();
line = line.substring(0, offsetLeft+1) + "/" + line.substring(offsetLeft+2);
line = line.substring(0, offsetRight) + "\\" + line.substring(offsetRight+1);
return line;
}
// 测试 PrintableMaxHeap
public static void main(String[] args) {
PrintableMaxHeap maxHeap = new PrintableMaxHeap(100);
int N = 31; // 堆中元素个数
int M = 100; // 堆中元素取值范围[0, M)
for( int i = 0 ; i < N ; i ++ )
maxHeap.insert( new Integer((int)(Math.random() * M)) );
maxHeap.treePrint();
}
}删除
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
// 在堆的有关操作中，需要比较堆中元素的大小，所以Item需要extends Comparable
public class MaxHeap<Item extends Comparable> {
protected Item[] data;
protected int count;
protected int capacity;
// 构造函数, 构造一个空堆, 可容纳capacity个元素
public MaxHeap(int capacity){
data = (Item[])new Comparable[capacity+1];
count = 0;
this.capacity = capacity;
}
// 返回堆中的元素个数
public int size(){
return count;
}
// 返回一个布尔值, 表示堆中是否为空
public boolean isEmpty(){
return count == 0;
}
// 像最大堆中插入一个新的元素 item
public void insert(Item item){
assert count + 1 <= capacity;
data[count+1] = item;
count ++;
shiftUp(count);
}
// 从最大堆中取出堆顶元素, 即堆中所存储的最大数据
public Item extractMax(){
assert count > 0;
Item ret = data[1];
swap( 1 , count );
count --;
shiftDown(1);
return ret;
}
// 获取最大堆中的堆顶元素
public Item getMax(){
assert( count > 0 );
return data[1];
}
// 交换堆中索引为i和j的两个元素
private void swap(int i, int j){
Item t = data[i];
data[i] = data[j];
data[j] = t;
}
//********************
//* 最大堆核心辅助函数
//********************
private void shiftUp(int k){
while( k > 1 && data[k/2].compareTo(data[k]) < 0 ){
swap(k, k/2);
k /= 2;
}
}
private void shiftDown(int k){
while( 2*k <= count ){
int j = 2*k; // 在此轮循环中,data[k]和data[j]交换位置
if( j+1 <= count && data[j+1].compareTo(data[j]) > 0 )
j ++;
// data[j] 是 data[2*k]和data[2*k+1]中的最大值
if( data[k].compareTo(data[j]) >= 0 ) break;
swap(k, j);
k = j;
}
}
// 测试 MaxHeap
public static void main(String[] args) {
MaxHeap<Integer> maxHeap = new MaxHeap<Integer>(100);
int N = 100; // 堆中元素个数
int M = 100; // 堆中元素取值范围[0, M)
for( int i = 0 ; i < N ; i ++ )
maxHeap.insert( new Integer((int)(Math.random() * M)) );
Integer[] arr = new Integer[N];
// 将maxheap中的数据逐渐使用extractMax取出来
// 取出来的顺序应该是按照从大到小的顺序取出来的
for( int i = 0 ; i < N ; i ++ ){
arr[i] = maxHeap.extractMax();
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
// 确保arr数组是从大到小排列的
for( int i = 1 ; i < N ; i ++ )
assert arr[i-1] >= arr[i];
}
}
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