python基础第二篇

python基础 二月红

真心觉得python这门语言是业界良心：

• 列表、元组操作
• 字符串操作
• 字典操作
• 集合操作
• 文件操作
• 字符编码与转码

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一、列表、元组操作

列表是最常用的数据类型之一，可实现最方便的存储和修改等操作。

定义列表：

>>> your_name=["xzx","mm","xmm"]

通过下标访问：

>>> your_name[0] 
'xzx'
>>> your_name[2] 
'xmm'
>>> your_name[-1] 
'xmm'
>>> names[-2] #还可以倒着取 
'mm' 

切片：取多个元素：

>>> your_name=["xzx","mm","xmm","xiaoxia","miaoer","xiaxia"]
>>> your_name[1:4]#取下标1至4之间的数字，包括下标1，但不包括下标4 
["mm","xmm","xiaoxia"]
>>> your_name[1:-1] 
["mm","xmm","xiaoxia","miaoer"]
>>> your_name[:3]#从头开始可不用写0 
["xzx","mm","xmm"]
>>> your_name[1:]#取到最后就什么都不写
["mm","xmm","xiaoxia","miaoer","xiaxia"]
>>> your_name[::2]#全部取只用写一个:不用写下标，最后的2表示取数下标每次加2
["xzx","xmm","miaoer"]

追加：

>>> your_name=["xzx","mm","xmm","xiaoxia","miaoer","xiaxia"]
>>> your_name.append("superxia")
>>> your_name
["xzx","mm","xmm","xiaoxia","miaoer","xiaxia","superxia"]

插入：

>>> your_name
["xzx","mm","xmm","xiaoxia","miaoer","xiaxia","superxia"]
>>> your_name.insert(2,"cutexia")#插入在2的位置
>>> your_name
["xzx","mm","cutexia","xmm","xiaoxia","miaoer","xiaxia","superxia"]

修改：

>>> your_name
["xzx","mm","cutexia","xmm","xiaoxia","miaoer","xiaxia","superxia"]
>>> your_name[2]="no_facexia"
>>> your_name
["xzx","mm","no_facexia","xmm","xiaoxia","miaoer","xiaxia","superxia"]

删除：

>>> your_name
["xzx","mm","no_facexia","xmm","xiaoxia","miaoer","xiaxia","superxia"]
>>> del your_name[2]
>>> your_name
["xzx","mm","xmm","xiaoxia","miaoer","xiaxia","superxia"]

扩展：

>>> your_name
["xzx","mm","xmm","xiaoxia","miaoer","xiaxia","superxia"]
>>> add_name=["haha","hehe","heiheihei"]
>>> your_name.extend(add_name)
["xzx","mm","xmm","xiaoxia","miaoer","xiaxia","superxia","haha","hehe","heiheihei"]

复制：

>>> your_name
["xzx","mm","xmm","xiaoxia","miaoer",