Caffenie配合Redis做两级缓存

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已于 2024-09-10 03:10:17 修改

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分类专栏：微服务高并发系列文章标签：缓存 redis 数据库

于 2024-09-10 03:09:53 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_30166465/article/details/142070790

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一、什么是两级缓存

在项目中。一级缓存用Caffeine，二级缓存用Redis，查询数据时首先查本地的Caffeine缓存，没有命中再通过网络去访问Redis缓存，还是没有命中再查数据库。具体流程如下
在这里插入图片描述

二、简单的二级缓存实现-v1

目录结构
在这里插入图片描述

2.1 double-cache模块主要文件

在这里插入图片描述

pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>double-cache</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.2</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.ben-manes.caffeine</groupId>
            <artifactId>caffeine</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

2.2 测试模块的主要文件

在这里插入图片描述

OrderServiceImpl

@Slf4j
@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class OrderServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<OrderMapper, Order> implements OrderService {
    private final OrderMapper orderMapper;
    private final Cache cache;
    private final RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
    @Override
    public Order getOrderById(Long id) {
        String key = CacheConstant.ORDER + id;
        Order order = (Order) cache.get(key,
                k -> {
                    //先查询 Redis
                    Object obj = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(k);
                    if (Objects.nonNull(obj)) {
                        log.info("get data from redis");
                        return obj;
                    }
                    // Redis没有则查询 DB
                    log.info("get data from database");
                    Order myOrder = orderMapper.selectOne(new LambdaQueryWrapper<Order>()
                            .eq(Order::getId, id));
                    redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(k, myOrder, 120, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                    return myOrder;
                });
        return order;
    }
    @Override
    public void updateOrder(Order order) {
        log.info("update order data");
        String key = CacheConstant.ORDER + order.getId();
        orderMapper.updateById(order);
        //修改 Redis
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, order, 120, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        // 修改本地缓存
        cache.put(key, order);
    }
    @Override
    public void deleteOrder(Long id) {
        log.info("delete order");
        orderMapper.deleteById(id);
        String key = CacheConstant.ORDER + id;
        redisTemplate.delete(key);
        cache.invalidate(key);
    }
}

application.yml

server:
  port: 8090

spring:
  application:
    name: test-demo
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ktl?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: root
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
  redis:
    host: 192.168.200.131
    port: 6379
    database: 0
    timeout: 10000ms
    lettuce:
      pool:
        max-active: 8
        max-wait: -1ms
        max-idle: 8
        min-idle: 0
    password: root

logging:
  level:
    com.cn.dc: debug
    org.springframework: warn

pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>testcache</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.2</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>
    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <mybatis-plus.version>3.3.2</mybatis-plus.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.example</groupId>
            <artifactId>double-cache</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${mybatis-plus.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2.3 测试

测试get/{id}接口的时候，会把从db查出来的数据放入到redis和Caffeine中，在有效期内不需要再次从数据库查询

三、二级缓存实现-v2

v1的代码入侵性很强，因此加入了注解@Cacheable，@CachePut，@CacheEvict

3.1 double-cache模块

在这里插入图片描述

3.2 测试模块

OrderServiceImpl

@Slf4j
@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class OrderServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<OrderMapper, Order> implements OrderService {
    private final OrderMapper orderMapper;
    private final RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    @Override
    @Cacheable(value = "order",key = "#id")
//@Cacheable(cacheNames = "order",key = "#p0")
    public Order getOrderById(Long id) {
        String key= CacheConstant.ORDER + id;
        //先查询 Redis
        Object obj = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
        if (Objects.nonNull(obj)){
            log.info("get data from redis");
            return (Order) obj;
        }
        // Redis没有则查询 DB
        log.info("get data from database");
        Order myOrder = orderMapper.selectOne(new LambdaQueryWrapper<Order>()
                .eq(Order::getId, id));
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key,myOrder,120, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        return myOrder;
    }


    @Override
    @CachePut(cacheNames = "order",key = "#order.id")
    public Order updateOrder(Order order) {
        log.info("update order data");
        orderMapper.updateById(order);
        //修改 Redis
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(CacheConstant.ORDER + order.getId(),
                order, 120, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        return order;
    }

    @Override
    @CacheEvict(cacheNames = "order",key = "#id")
    public void deleteOrder(Long id) {
        log.info("delete order");
        orderMapper.deleteById(id);
        redisTemplate.delete(CacheConstant.ORDER + id);
    }
}

四、二级缓存实现-v3

模仿spring通过注解管理缓存的方式，我们也可以选择自定义注解，然后在切面中处理缓存，从而将对业务代码的入侵降到最低。

首先定义一个注解，用于添加在需要操作缓存的方法上：

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface DoubleCache {
    String cacheName();
    String key();	//支持springEl表达式
    long l2TimeOut() default 120;
    CacheType type() default CacheType.FULL;
}

我们使用cacheName + key作为缓存的真正key（仅存在一个Cache中，不做CacheName隔离），l2TimeOut为可以设置的二级缓存Redis的过期时间，type是一个枚举类型的变量，表示操作缓存的类型，枚举类型定义如下：

public enum CacheType {
    FULL,   //存取
    PUT,    //只存
    DELETE  //删除
}

因为要使key支持springEl表达式，所以需要写一个方法，使用表达式解析器解析参数：

public class ElParser {
    public static String parse(String elString, TreeMap<String,Object> map){
        elString=String.format("#{%s}",elString);
        //创建表达式解析器
        ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
        //通过evaluationContext.setVariable可以在上下文中设定变量。
        EvaluationContext context = new StandardEvaluationContext();
        map.entrySet().forEach(entry->
                context.setVariable(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue())
        );

        //解析表达式
        Expression expression = parser.parseExpression(elString, new TemplateParserContext());
        //使用Expression.getValue()获取表达式的值，这里传入了Evaluation上下文
        String value = expression.getValue(context, String.class);
        return value;
    }
}

至于Cache相关参数的配置，我们沿用V1版本中的配置即可。准备工作做完了，下面我们定义切面，在切面中操作Cache来读写Caffeine的缓存，操作RedisTemplate读写Redis缓存。

@Slf4j
@Component
@Aspect
@AllArgsConstructor
public class CacheAspect {
    private final Cache cache;
    private final RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
    private final String COLON = ":";

    @Pointcut("@annotation(org.example.doublecache.annotation.DoubleCache)")
    public void cacheAspect() {
    }

    @Around("cacheAspect()")
    public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint point) throws Throwable {
        MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) point.getSignature();
        Method method = signature.getMethod();

//        if (!method.isAnnotationPresent(DoubleCache.class))
//            return null;

        //拼接解析springEl表达式的map
        String[] paramNames = signature.getParameterNames();
        Object[] args = point.getArgs();
        TreeMap<String, Object> treeMap = new TreeMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < paramNames.length; i++) {
            treeMap.put(paramNames[i],args[i]);
        }

        DoubleCache annotation = method.getAnnotation(DoubleCache.class);
        String elResult = ElParser.parse(annotation.key(), treeMap);
        String realKey = annotation.cacheName() + COLON + elResult;

        //强制更新
        if (annotation.type()== CacheType.PUT){
            Object object = point.proceed();
            redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(realKey, object,annotation.l2TimeOut(), TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            cache.put(realKey, object);
            return object;
        }
        //删除
        else if (annotation.type()== CacheType.DELETE){
            redisTemplate.delete(realKey);
            cache.invalidate(realKey);
            return point.proceed();
        }

        //读写，查询Caffeine
        Object caffeineCache = cache.getIfPresent(realKey);
        if (Objects.nonNull(caffeineCache)) {
            log.info("get data from caffeine");
            return caffeineCache;
        }

        //查询Redis
        Object redisCache = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(realKey);
        if (Objects.nonNull(redisCache)) {
            log.info("get data from redis");
            cache.put(realKey, redisCache);
            return redisCache;
        }

        log.info("get data from database");
        Object object = point.proceed();
        if (Objects.nonNull(object)){
            //写回Redis
            redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(realKey, object,annotation.l2TimeOut(), TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            //写入Caffeine
            cache.put(realKey, object);
        }
        return object;
    }
}

4.1 double-cache模块

在这里插入图片描述

4.2 测试模块

在这里插入图片描述

OrderServiceImpl修改如下

@Slf4j
@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class OrderServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<OrderMapper, Order> implements OrderService {
    private final OrderMapper orderMapper;
    @Override
    @DoubleCache(cacheName = "order", key = "#id",
            type = CacheType.FULL)
    public Order getOrderById(Long id) {
        Order myOrder = orderMapper.selectOne(new LambdaQueryWrapper<Order>()
                .eq(Order::getId, id));
        return myOrder;
    }

    @Override
    @DoubleCache(cacheName = "order",key = "#order.id",
            type = CacheType.PUT)
    public Order updateOrder(Order order) {
        orderMapper.updateById(order);
        return order;
    }

    @Override
    @DoubleCache(cacheName = "order",key = "#id",
            type = CacheType.DELETE)
    public void deleteOrder(Long id) {
        orderMapper.deleteById(id);
    }

    @Override
    @DoubleCache(cacheName = "order",key = "#id")
    public Order getOrderByIdAndStatus(Long id,Integer status) {
        Order myOrder = orderMapper.selectOne(new LambdaQueryWrapper<Order>()
                .eq(Order::getId, id)
                .eq(Order::getStatus,status));
        return myOrder;
    }

在TestApplication上加@EnableCaching

4.3 测试

从数据库10ms+，生产中会走网络通信会更长。
从Caffeine平均4ms

在这里插入图片描述

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Caffenie配合Redis做两级缓存

在项目中。一级缓存用Caffeine，二级缓存用Redis，查询数据时首先查本地的Caffeine缓存，没有命中再通过网络去访问Redis缓存，还是没有命中再查数据库。具体流程如下。
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