python之requests库常用方式

# coding=utf-8
__author__ = 'Jeff.xie'

import requests
import json

d="""
    "usrname":"张三","pwd":"123456789"
    """
url='https://www.baidu.com'
# r=requests.get(url,data=d.encode('utf8'))
# print(r.status_code)
# print(r.text.encode('utf8'))


# request的常用参数如下所示
# def request(self, method, url,
#         params=None, data=None, headers=None, cookies=None, files=None,
#         auth=None, timeout=None, allow_redirects=True, proxies=None,
#         hooks=None, stream=None, verify=None, cert=None, json=None):

"""
import bs4
r2=requests.get(url,json='{"usrname":"张三","pwd":"123456789"}')
print(r2.status_code)
a=r2.apparent_encoding
print(a)
r2.encoding = '2312'    #编码格式,解决中文乱码
print("KK")
a=r2.apparent_encoding #获取文本默认编码
print(a)
if r2.status_code == 200:
    with open('D:\\test.html','w',encoding='utf-8') as fp:
        fp.write(r2.text)

# soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(r2.text, 'D:\\test2.html')

"""

"""
proxies={  #设置代理，可以fiddler抓包
    'http':'http:127.0.0.1:8888',
    'https':'http:127.0.0.1:8888'
}
params={'wd':'iphone',
        'rsv_spt':'1'}
# response = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com/s",params=params,proxies=proxies)  #需要打开fiddler，设置代理
response = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com/s",params=params)
print(response.text)
"""

"""
response = requests.get("http://mirrors.sohu.com")
print(response.text)
"""


"""
#构建请求头
headers={
    'user-agent':'my-app/0.0.1',
    'auth-type':'jwt-token'}
# response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",headers=headers)
response = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com/s",headers=headers)
response.encoding = 'utf8'
print(response.text)
# print(response.text.decode('utf8'))
"""


# payload="""
# <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
# <WorkReport>
#     <Overall>良好</Overall>
#     <Progress>30%</Progress>
#     <Problem>暂无</Problem>
# </WorkReport>
# """
# response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",data=payload.encode('utf8'))  #含有中文字符的data需要设置编码
# print(response.text)

"""
payload={'key1':'v1',
         'key2':'v2'}
response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",data=payload)   #dict没有encode方法
response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",data="key1=v1&key2=v2".encode('utf8'))#字符串可以使用encode
print(response.text)
"""

"""

payload={'Overall':'良好',
         'Progress':'30%',
         'Problems':[
             {
                'No':1,
                'desc':'问题1'
             },
             {
                'No':1,
                'desc':'问题2'
             }
         ]
    }
response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",data=json.dumps(payload,ensure_ascii=False).encode())  #字典类型转换成json格式字符串，
# response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",json=json.payload)  #和上面的效果是一样的
print(response.text)
"""

"""

response = requests.get("http://mirrors.sohu.com")
print(response.status_code) #获取状态码
print(response.text)  #原始数据为字节串
print(response.encoding)  #utf8
print(dict(response.headers)) #转换成字典格式
print(dict(response.headers)['Content-Type'])#text/html; charset=utf8
print(response.headers['Content-Type']) #text/html; charset=utf8    #可以直接安装dict格式提取参数
#request会根据响应消息头（Content-Type）对编码格式做推测，应为这个Content-Type是utf8，所以response.encoding是utf8
response.encoding='utf8'  #自定义设置编码

response = requests.get("http://www.python3.vip")
response.encoding='utf8'
print(response.encoding)
print(response.text)


response = requests.get("http://mirrors.sohu.com")
print(response.content)#获取字节串
print(response.content.decode('utf8'))#自己解码
"""


"""
response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",data={1:1,2:2})
text=response.content.decode('utf8')
obj = json.loads(text)  #转换成字典格式
print(obj)
print(obj['form'])
print(obj['headers'])
print(obj['headers']['Content-Type'])
"""
response = requests.get("http://pay.sohu.com/")
print(response.content)#获取字节串
print(response.content.decode('utf8'))#自己解码


def printResponse(response):
    print("\n\n------------HTTP response *begin--------------")
    print(response.status_code)
    for k, v in response.headers.items():
        print('%s: %s' %(k,v))

    print(response.cookies.get_dict())  #获取cookie字典
    print(response.content.decode('utf8'))
    print("----------------HTTP response *end----------------")


#使用Session可以把response中返回的cookie自动存放到session，下一个请求会自动携带cookie去对服务器进行请求，不需要对cookie赋值
session = requests.Session()
# response = session.post("http://httpbin.org/post",data={1:1,2:2})
response = session.get("https://mp.csdn.net/?spm=1001.2101.3001.4503")
printResponse(response)
response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding
print(response.apparent_encoding) #使用apparent_encoding可获取程序真实编码  ascii