Oracle sql函数精解（五）

96。SUM

功能描述：该函数计算组中表达式的累积和。

SAMPLE：下例计算同一经理下员工的薪水累积值

SELECT manager_id, last_name, salary,

SUM (salary) OVER (PARTITION BY manager_idORDER BY salary

RANGE UNBOUNDED PRECEDING) l_csum

FROM employees

WHERE manager_id in (101,103,108);

MANAGER_ID LAST_NAME SALARY L_CSUM

---------- ----------------------------------- ----------

101 Whalen 4400 4400

101 Mavris 6500 10900

101 Baer 10000 20900

101 Greenberg 12000 44900

101 Higgins 12000 44900

103 Lorentz 4200 4200

103 Austin 4800 13800

103 Pataballa 4800 13800

103 Ernst 6000 19800

108 Popp 6900 6900

108 Sciarra 7700 14600

108 Urman 7800 22400

108 Chen 8200 30600

108 Faviet 9000 39600

97。VAR_POP

功能描述：（Variance Population）该函数返回非空集合的总体变量（忽略null），VAR_POP进行如下计算：

(SUM(expr2) - SUM(expr)2 / COUNT(expr)) /COUNT(expr)

SAMPLE：下例计算1998年每月销售的累积总体和样本变量（本例在SH用户下运行）

SELECT t.calendar_month_desc,

VAR_POP(SUM(s.amount_sold))

OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_desc)"Var_Pop",

VAR_SAMP(SUM(s.amount_sold))

OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_desc)"Var_Samp"

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id ANDt.calendar_year = 1998

GROUP BY t.calendar_month_desc;

CALENDAR Var_Pop Var_Samp

-------- ---------- ----------

1998-01 0

1998-02 6.1321E+11 1.2264E+12

1998-03 4.7058E+11 7.0587E+11

1998-04 4.6929E+11 6.2572E+11

1998-05 1.5524E+12 1.9405E+12

1998-06 2.3711E+12 2.8453E+12

1998-07 3.7464E+12 4.3708E+12

1998-08 3.7852E+12 4.3260E+12

1998-09 3.5753E+12 4.0222E+12

1998-10 3.4343E+12 3.8159E+12

1998-11 3.4245E+12 3.7669E+12

1998-12 4.8937E+12 5.3386E+12

98。VAR_SAMP

功能描述：（Variance Sample）该函数返回非空集合的样本变量（忽略null），VAR_POP进行如下计算：

(SUM(expr*expr)-SUM(expr)*SUM(expr)/COUNT(expr))/(COUNT(expr)-1)

SAMPLE：下例计算1998年每月销售的累积总体和样本变量

SELECT t.calendar_month_desc,

VAR_POP(SUM(s.amount_sold))

OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_desc)"Var_Pop",

VAR_SAMP(SUM(s.amount_sold))

OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_desc)"Var_Samp"

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id ANDt.calendar_year = 1998

GROUP BY t.calendar_month_desc;

CALENDAR Var_Pop Var_Samp

-------- ---------- ----------

1998-01 0

1998-02 6.1321E+11 1.2264E+12

1998-03 4.7058E+11 7.0587E+11

1998-04 4.6929E+11 6.2572E+11

1998-05 1.5524E+12 1.9405E+12

1998-06 2.3711E+12 2.8453E+12

1998-07 3.7464E+12 4.3708E+12

1998-08 3.7852E+12 4.3260E+12

1998-09 3.5753E+12 4.0222E+12

1998-10 3.4343E+12 3.8159E+12

1998-11 3.4245E+12 3.7669E+12

1998-12 4.8937E+12 5.3386E+12

99。VARIANCE

功能描述：该函数返回表达式的变量，Oracle计算该变量如下：

如果表达式中行数为1，则返回0

如果表达式中行数大于1，则返回VAR_SAMP

SAMPLE：下例返回部门30按雇佣日期排序的薪水值的累积变化

SELECT last_name, salary, VARIANCE(salary)

OVER (ORDER BY hire_date)"Variance"

FROM employees

WHERE department_id = 30;

LAST_NAME SALARY Variance

------------------------- --------------------

Raphaely 11000 0

Khoo 3100 31205000

Tobias 2800 21623333.3

Baida 2900 16283333.3

Himuro 2600 13317000

Colmenares 2500 11307000

100。RANK

功能描述：根据ORDER BY子句中表达式的值，从查询返回的每一行，计算它们与其它行的相对位置。组内的数据按ORDER BY子句排序，

然后给每一行赋一个号，从而形成一个序列，该序列从1开始，往后累加。每次ORDER BY表达式的值发生变化时，该序列也随之增加。

有同样值的行得到同样的数字序号（认为null时相等的）。然而，如果两行的确得到同样的排序，则序数将随后跳跃。若两行序数为1，

则没有序数2，序列将给组中的下一行分配值3，DENSE_RANK则没有任何跳跃。

SAMPLE：下例中计算每个员工按部门分区再按薪水排序，依次出现的序列号（注意与DENSE_RANK函数的区别）

SELECT d.department_id , e.last_name,e.salary, RANK()

OVER (PARTITION BY e.department_id ORDER BYe.salary) as drank

FROM employees e, departments d

WHERE e.department_id = d.department_id

AND d.department_id IN ('60', '90');

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME SALARY DRANK

------------- ----------------------------------- ----------

60 Lorentz 4200 1

60 Austin 4800 2

60 Pataballa 4800 2

60 Ernst 6000 4

60 Hunold 9000 5

90 Kochhar 17000 1

90 De Haan 17000 1

90 King 24000 3

 

101。RATIO_TO_REPORT

功能描述：该函数计算expression/(sum(expression))的值，它给出相对于总数的百分比，即当前行对sum(expression)的贡献。

SAMPLE：下例计算每个员工的工资占该类员工总工资的百分比

SELECT last_name, salary,RATIO_TO_REPORT(salary) OVER () AS rr

FROM employees

WHERE job_id = 'PU_CLERK';

LAST_NAME SALARY RR

------------------------- --------------------

Khoo 3100 .223021583

Baida 2900 .208633094

Tobias 2800 .201438849

Himuro 2600 .18705036

Colmenares 2500 .179856115

102。REGR_ (Linear Regression) Functions

功能描述：这些线性回归函数适合最小二乘法回归线，有9个不同的回归函数可使用。

REGR_SLOPE：返回斜率，等于COVAR_POP(expr1,expr2) / VAR_POP(expr2)

REGR_INTERCEPT：返回回归线的y截距，等于

AVG(expr1) - REGR_SLOPE(expr1, expr2) *AVG(expr2)

REGR_COUNT：返回用于填充回归线的非空数字对的数目

REGR_R2：返回回归线的决定系数，计算式为：

If VAR_POP(expr2) = 0 then return NULL

If VAR_POP(expr1) = 0 and VAR_POP(expr2) !=0 then return 1

If VAR_POP(expr1) > 0 and VAR_POP(expr2!= 0 then

return POWER(CORR(expr1,expr),2)

REGR_AVGX：计算回归线的自变量(expr2)的平均值，去掉了空对(expr1,expr2)后，等于AVG(expr2)

REGR_AVGY：计算回归线的应变量(expr1)的平均值，去掉了空对(expr1,expr2)后，等于AVG(expr1)

REGR_SXX： 返回值等于REGR_COUNT(expr1,expr2) * VAR_POP(expr2)

REGR_SYY： 返回值等于REGR_COUNT(expr1,expr2) * VAR_POP(expr1)

REGR_SXY: 返回值等于REGR_COUNT(expr1,expr2) * COVAR_POP(expr1, expr2)

（下面的例子都是在SH用户下完成的）

SAMPLE 1：下例计算1998年最后三个星期中两种产品（260和270）在周末的销售量中已开发票数量和总数量的累积斜率和回归线的截距

SELECT t.fiscal_month_number"Month", t.day_number_in_month "Day",

REGR_SLOPE(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)

OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_desc,t.day_number_in_month) AS CUM_SLOPE,

REGR_INTERCEPT(s.amount_sold,s.quantity_sold)

OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_desc,t.day_number_in_month) AS CUM_ICPT

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id

AND s.prod_id IN (270, 260)

AND t.fiscal_year=1998

AND t.fiscal_week_number IN (50, 51, 52)

AND t.day_number_in_week IN (6,7)

ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_desc,t.day_number_in_month;

Month Day CUM_SLOPE CUM_ICPT

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

12 12 -68 1872

12 12 -68 1872

12 13 -20.244898 1254.36735

12 13 -20.244898 1254.36735

12 19 -18.826087 1287

12 20 62.4561404 125.28655

12 20 62.4561404 125.28655

12 20 62.4561404 125.28655

12 20 62.4561404 125.28655

12 26 67.2658228 58.9712313

12 26 67.2658228 58.9712313

12 27 37.5245541 284.958221

12 27 37.5245541 284.958221

12 27 37.5245541 284.958221

SAMPLE 2：下例计算1998年4月每天的累积交易数量

SELECT UNIQUE t.day_number_in_month,

REGR_COUNT(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)

OVER (PARTITION BY t.fiscal_month_numberORDER BY t.day_number_in_month)

"Regr_Count"

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id

AND t.fiscal_year = 1998 ANDt.fiscal_month_number = 4;

DAY_NUMBER_IN_MONTH Regr_Count

------------------- ----------

1 825

2 1650

3 2475

4 3300

.

26 21450

30 22200

SAMPLE 3：下例计算1998年每月销售量中已开发票数量和总数量的累积回归线决定系数

SELECT t.fiscal_month_number,

REGR_R2(SUM(s.amount_sold),SUM(s.quantity_sold))

OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_number)"Regr_R2"

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id

AND t.fiscal_year = 1998

GROUP BY t.fiscal_month_number

ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_number;

FISCAL_MONTH_NUMBER Regr_R2

------------------- ----------

1

2 1

3 .927372984

4 .807019972

5 .932745567

6 .94682861

7 .965342011

8 .955768075

9 .959542618

10 .938618575

11 .880931415

12 .882769189

SAMPLE 4：下例计算1998年12月最后两周产品260的销售量中已开发票数量和总数量的累积平均值

SELECT t.day_number_in_month,

REGR_AVGY(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)

OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_desc,t.day_number_in_month)

"Regr_AvgY",

REGR_AVGX(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)

OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_desc,t.day_number_in_month)

"Regr_AvgX"

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id

AND s.prod_id = 260

AND t.fiscal_month_desc = '1998-12'

AND t.fiscal_week_number IN (51, 52)

ORDER BY t.day_number_in_month;

DAY_NUMBER_IN_MONTH Regr_AvgY Regr_AvgX

------------------- ---------- ----------

14 882 24.5

14 882 24.5

15 801 22.25

15 801 22.25

16 777.6 21.6

18 642.857143 17.8571429

18 642.857143 17.8571429

20 589.5 16.375

21 544 15.1111111

22 592.363636 16.4545455

22 592.363636 16.4545455

24 553.846154 15.3846154

24 553.846154 15.3846154

26 522 14.5

27 578.4 16.0666667

SAMPLE 5：下例计算产品260和270在1998年2月周末销售量中已开发票数量和总数量的累积REGR_SXY, REGR_SXX, and REGR_SYY统计值

SELECT t.day_number_in_month,

REGR_SXY(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)

OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_year,t.fiscal_month_desc) "Regr_sxy",

REGR_SYY(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)

OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_year,t.fiscal_month_desc) "Regr_syy",

REGR_SXX(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)

OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_year,t.fiscal_month_desc) "Regr_sxx"

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id

AND prod_id IN (270, 260)

AND t.fiscal_month_desc = '1998-02'

AND t.day_number_in_week IN (6,7)

ORDER BY t.day_number_in_month;

DAY_NUMBER_IN_MONTH Regr_sxy Regr_syyRegr_sxx

------------------- ---------- --------------------

1 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

1 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

1 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

1 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

7 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

8 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

14 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

15 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

21 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

22 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

103。ROW_NUMBER

功能描述：返回有序组中一行的偏移量，从而可用于按特定标准排序的行号。

SAMPLE：下例返回每个员工再在每个部门中按员工号排序后的顺序号

SELECT department_id, last_name,employee_id, ROW_NUMBER()

OVER (PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BYemployee_id) AS emp_id

FROM employees

WHERE department_id < 50;

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME EMPLOYEE_ID EMP_ID

------------- ------------------------------------ ----------

10 Whalen 200 1

20 Hartstein 201 1

20 Fay 202 2

30 Raphaely 114 1

30 Khoo 115 2

30 Baida 116 3

30 Tobias 117 4

30 Himuro 118 5

30 Colmenares 119 6

40 Mavris 203 1

104。STDDEV

功能描述：计算当前行关于组的标准偏离。（Standard Deviation）

SAMPLE：下例返回部门30按雇佣日期排序的薪水值的累积标准偏离

SELECT last_name, hire_date,salary,

STDDEV(salary) OVER (ORDER BY hire_date)"StdDev"

FROM employees

WHERE department_id = 30;

LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE SALARY StdDev

------------------------- -------------------- ----------

Raphaely 07-12月-94 11000 0

Khoo 18-5月 -95 3100 5586.14357

Tobias 24-7月 -97 2800 4650.0896

Baida 24-12月-97 2900 4035.26125

Himuro 15-11月-98 2600 3649.2465

Colmenares 10-8月 -99 25003362.58829

 

105。STDDEV_POP

功能描述：该函数计算总体标准偏离，并返回总体变量的平方根，其返回值与VAR_POP函数的平方根相同。（Standard Deviation－Population）

SAMPLE：下例返回部门20、30、60的薪水值的总体标准偏差

SELECT department_id, last_name, salary,

STDDEV_POP(salary) OVER (PARTITION BYdepartment_id) AS pop_std

FROM employees

WHERE department_id in (20,30,60);

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME SALARY POP_STD

------------- ----------------------------------- ----------

20 Hartstein 13000 3500

20 Fay 6000 3500

30 Raphaely 11000 3069.6091

30 Khoo 3100 3069.6091

30 Baida 2900 3069.6091

30 Colmenares 2500 3069.6091

30 Himuro 2600 3069.6091

30 Tobias 2800 3069.6091

60 Hunold 9000 1722.32401

60 Ernst 6000 1722.32401

60 Austin 4800 1722.32401

60 Pataballa 4800 1722.32401

60 Lorentz 4200 1722.32401

106。STDDEV_SAMP

功能描述：该函数计算累积样本标准偏离，并返回总体变量的平方根，其返回值与VAR_POP函数的平方根相同。（Standard Deviation－Sample）

SAMPLE：下例返回部门20、30、60的薪水值的样本标准偏差

SELECT department_id, last_name, hire_date,salary,

STDDEV_SAMP(salary) OVER

(PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BYhire_date

ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING ANDCURRENT ROW) AS cum_sdev

FROM employees

WHERE department_id in (20,30,60);

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE SALARYCUM_SDEV

------------- ----------------------------------- ---------- ----------

20 Hartstein 17-2月 -96 13000

20 Fay 17-8月 -97 6000 4949.74747

30 Raphaely 07-12月-94 11000

30 Khoo 18-5月 -95 3100 5586.14357

30 Tobias 24-7月 -97 28004650.0896

30 Baida 24-12月-97 29004035.26125

30 Himuro 15-11月-98 26003649.2465

30 Colmenares 10-8月 -99 25003362.58829

60 Hunold 03-1月 -90 9000

60 Ernst 21-5月 -91 6000 2121.32034

60 Austin 25-6月 -97 48002163.33077

60 Pataballa 05-2月 -98 48001982.42276

60 Lorentz 07-2月 -99 42001925.61678

 

107。SUM

功能描述：该函数计算组中表达式的累积和。

SAMPLE：下例计算同一经理下员工的薪水累积值

SELECT manager_id, last_name, salary,

SUM (salary) OVER (PARTITION BY manager_idORDER BY salary

RANGE UNBOUNDED PRECEDING) l_csum

FROM employees

WHERE manager_id in (101,103,108);

MANAGER_ID LAST_NAME SALARY L_CSUM

---------- ----------------------------------- ----------

101 Whalen 4400 4400

101 Mavris 6500 10900

101 Baer 10000 20900

101 Greenberg 12000 44900

101 Higgins 12000 44900

103 Lorentz 4200 4200

103 Austin 4800 13800

103 Pataballa 4800 13800

103 Ernst 6000 19800

108 Popp 6900 6900

108 Sciarra 7700 14600

108 Urman 7800 22400

108 Chen 8200 30600

108 Faviet 9000 39600

108。VAR_POP

功能描述：（Variance Population）该函数返回非空集合的总体变量（忽略null），VAR_POP进行如下计算：

(SUM(expr2) - SUM(expr)2 / COUNT(expr)) /COUNT(expr)

SAMPLE：下例计算1998年每月销售的累积总体和样本变量（本例在SH用户下运行）

SELECT t.calendar_month_desc,

VAR_POP(SUM(s.amount_sold))

OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_desc)"Var_Pop",

VAR_SAMP(SUM(s.amount_sold))

OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_desc)"Var_Samp"

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id ANDt.calendar_year = 1998

GROUP BY t.calendar_month_desc;

CALENDAR Var_Pop Var_Samp

-------- ---------- ----------

1998-01 0

1998-02 6.1321E+11 1.2264E+12

1998-03 4.7058E+11 7.0587E+11

1998-04 4.6929E+11 6.2572E+11

1998-05 1.5524E+12 1.9405E+12

1998-06 2.3711E+12 2.8453E+12

1998-07 3.7464E+12 4.3708E+12

1998-08 3.7852E+12 4.3260E+12

1998-09 3.5753E+12 4.0222E+12

1998-10 3.4343E+12 3.8159E+12

1998-11 3.4245E+12 3.7669E+12

1998-12 4.8937E+12 5.3386E+12

109。VAR_SAMP

功能描述：（Variance Sample）该函数返回非空集合的样本变量（忽略null），VAR_POP进行如下计算：

(SUM(expr*expr)-SUM(expr)*SUM(expr)/COUNT(expr))/(COUNT(expr)-1)

SAMPLE：下例计算1998年每月销售的累积总体和样本变量

SELECT t.calendar_month_desc,

VAR_POP(SUM(s.amount_sold))

OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_desc)"Var_Pop",

VAR_SAMP(SUM(s.amount_sold))

OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_desc)"Var_Samp"

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id ANDt.calendar_year = 1998

GROUP BY t.calendar_month_desc;

CALENDAR Var_Pop Var_Samp

-------- ---------- ----------

1998-01 0

1998-02 6.1321E+11 1.2264E+12

1998-03 4.7058E+11 7.0587E+11

1998-04 4.6929E+11 6.2572E+11

1998-05 1.5524E+12 1.9405E+12

1998-06 2.3711E+12 2.8453E+12

1998-07 3.7464E+12 4.3708E+12

1998-08 3.7852E+12 4.3260E+12

1998-09 3.5753E+12 4.0222E+12

1998-10 3.4343E+12 3.8159E+12

1998-11 3.4245E+12 3.7669E+12

1998-12 4.8937E+12 5.3386E+12

110。VARIANCE

功能描述：该函数返回表达式的变量，Oracle计算该变量如下：

如果表达式中行数为1，则返回0

如果表达式中行数大于1，则返回VAR_SAMP

SAMPLE：下例返回部门30按雇佣日期排序的薪水值的累积变化

SELECT last_name, salary, VARIANCE(salary)

OVER (ORDER BY hire_date)"Variance"

FROM employees

WHERE department_id = 30;

LAST_NAME SALARY Variance

------------------------- --------------------

Raphaely 11000 0

Khoo 3100 31205000

Tobias 2800 21623333.3

Baida 2900 16283333.3

Himuro 2600 13317000

Colmenares 2500 11307000