JavaWEB 乱码总结

post 提交的参数乱码特别容易解决；麻烦的就是 get 方式提交的参数；

1) post 提交的参数

request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("text/html;charset=utf-8");

2)get 提交

Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
for (String parameterName : parameterMap.keySet()) {
    String[] values = parameterMap.get(parameterName);
    if (values != null) {
        for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
            try {
                // 处理get乱码
                values[i] = new String(values[i].getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "utf-8");
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

实例代码1

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;

/**
 * 通用解决 get 和 post乱码过滤器 
 */
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
	@Override
	public void destroy() {}

	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		// 处理请求乱码
		HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
		HttpServletRequest myRequest = new MyRequest(httpServletRequest);

		// 处理响应乱码
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

		chain.doFilter(myRequest, response);
	}

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {}
}

// 自定义request对象
class MyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
	private HttpServletRequest request;
	private boolean hasEncode;

	public MyRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
		super(request);// super必须写
		this.request = request;
	}

	// 对需要增强方法 进行覆盖
	@Override
	public Map getParameterMap() {
		// 先获得请求方式
		String method = request.getMethod();
		if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) {
			// post请求
			try {
				// 处理post乱码
				request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
				return request.getParameterMap();
			} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		} else if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("get")) {
			// get请求
			Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
			if (!hasEncode) { // 确保get手动编码逻辑只运行一次
				for (String parameterName : parameterMap.keySet()) {
					String[] values = parameterMap.get(parameterName);
					if (values != null) {
						for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
							try {
								// 处理get乱码
								values[i] = new String(values[i]
										.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "utf-8");
							} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
								e.printStackTrace();
							}
						}
					}
				}
				hasEncode = true;
			}
			return parameterMap;
		}
		return super.getParameterMap();
	}

	@Override
	public String getParameter(String name) {
		Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap();
		String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
		if (values == null) {
			return null;
		}
		return values[0]; // 取回参数的第一个值
	}

	@Override
	public String[] getParameterValues(String name) {
		Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap();
		String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
		return values;
	}

}

实例代码2

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
 * 字符编码
 */
public class FileEncoding implements Filter{

	private String encoding = null;
	
	@Override
	public void destroy() {
		encoding = null;
	}

	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
			FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		if (encoding != null) {
			HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
			//have a answer about value[] & name
			if (req.getMethod().equals("GET")) {
				String url = req.getRequestURL().toString();
				Enumeration<String> enumerations =  req.getParameterNames();
				if (enumerations.hasMoreElements()) {
					url += "?";
				}
				while (enumerations.hasMoreElements()) {
					String name = (String) enumerations.nextElement();
					String[] values = req.getParameterValues(name);
					for (String value : values) {
						System.out.println("设置编码");
						value = new String(value.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), encoding);
						url += name + "=" + value;
					}
					//answer - nextElement()
					if (enumerations.nextElement() != null && !enumerations.nextElement().equals("")) {
						url += "&";
					}
				}
				System.out.println("拦截器中拦截GET后处理后的URL: " + url);
				request = req;
				//System.out.println("name: " + new String(request.getParameter("name").getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "UTF-8"));
								
			} else if (req.getMethod().equals("POST")) {
				request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
				response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
			}
		} else {
			request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
			response.setCharacterEncoding("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		}
		filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
	}

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
		encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
	}

}

最后总结一下

post 提交没什么可说的

但是get 中却大有文章

第一种情况利用a标签传参数

<a href="url?name=中文"> 连接 </a>

直接点击连接是没有乱码的

第二种情况是在浏览器URL地址栏中直接输入与a标签相同的中文参数 (至少访问过一次相同参数的a标签)

url?name=中文

参数传递到后台没有乱码

第三种情况是在浏览器URL地址栏中直接输入与a标签相同的中文参数 (没有访问过相同参数的a标签)

url?name=中文

参数传递到后台会出现乱码

第四种情况是在浏览器URL地址栏中直接输入没有在a标签中出现过的中文参数

url?name=其他中文参数

参数传递到后台会出现中文乱码