OC字符串的常用方法

            

     网上写的关于字符串常用方法的博客很多，这里我简单做了下总结！不喜勿喷哦！

一.创建字符串

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

//NSString

//创建不可变字符串对象的类

//NSMutableString

//创建可变字符串对象的类

//OC语言完全兼容C语言

//OC字符串与C语言字符串区别

//1.OC字符串是一个字符串对象,字符串常量需要用@""包含

//2.C语言字符串用""包含

//3.C语言的字符串以字符的ASCII码形式存储

//4.OC中的字符串以uicode编码(万国码)形式存储

//UTF-8(多字节编码)

//5.打印OC字符串用%@,打印C语言字符串用%s

int main(int argc,const char * argv[]) {

    @autoreleasepool {

        NSString *str1 =@"hello world";//@"hello world"是一个常量字符串对象,存储常量区,不可以被修改

        NSLog(@"str1 = %@", str1);

        

        //格式化创建字符串对象

        //- (instancetype)initWithFormat:(NSString *)format, ...

        NSString *str2 = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%s%d%@","hello",123, @"world" ];

        NSLog(@"str2 = %@", str2);

        //用格式化的类方法创建字符串对象

        //+ (instancetype)stringWithFormat:(NSString *)format, ...

        NSString *str3 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%s%d%@","qiafdn",456,@"ffds"];

        NSLog(@"str3 = %@", str3);

        

        //用给定的字符串对象创建字符串对象

        NSString *str4=@"中国教育";

        NSString *str5 = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:str4];

        NSLog(@"str5 = %@", str5);

        

        //用C的字符串创建OC的字符串对象

        NSString *str6 = [[NSString alloc] initWithUTF8String:"qifdfdg中国jiaoyu"];

        NSLog(@"str6 = %@", str6);

        

        NSString *str7 = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:"我的qifdfg" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

        NSLog(@"str7 = %@", str7);

        

        //创建一个空的字符串对象 @""

        NSString *str8 = [NSString string];

        NSLog(@"str8 = %@", str8);

        

        NSString *str9 = [[NSString alloc] init];

        NSLog(@"str9 = %@", str9);

        

        //跟initWithString相对应

        NSString *str10 = [NSString stringWithString:str7];

        NSLog(@"str10 = %@", str10);

        

        //跟initWithUTF8String相对应

        NSString *str11 = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:"hello world中国"];

        NSLog(@"str11 = %@", str11);

        

        //跟initWithCString相对应

        NSString *str12 = [NSString stringWithCString:"zhongguo" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

        NSLog(@"str12 = %@", str12);

    }

    return0;

}

二.NSString的常用方法

    

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

//NSString

int main(int argc,const char * argv[]) {

    @autoreleasepool {

        NSString *str1 =@"hello world 中国";

        //求字符串长度

        NSUInteger len = [str1 length];

        NSLog(@"len = %li", len);

        //获取字符串指定位置的字符

        unichar ch = [str1 characterAtIndex:13];

        NSLog(@"ch = %C", ch);//%C打印unichar字符 %c打印ASCII字符

        

        //字符串提取

        //从传入下标位置提取子串到字符串结束

        NSString *subStr1 = [str1 substringFromIndex:4];

        NSLog(@"subStr1 = %@", subStr1);

        //提取子串到指定位置(不包含下标位置字符)

        NSString *subStr2 = [str1 substringToIndex:7];

        NSLog(@"subStr2 = %@",subStr2);

        

        //提取指定范围内的字符串

        NSRange range = {6,5};

        NSString *subStr3 = [str1 substringWithRange:range];

        NSLog(@"subStr3 = %@",  subStr3);

        

        //NSMakeRange();//构建NSRange变量

        NSString *subStr4 = [str1 substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(2,6)];

        NSLog(@"subStr4 = %@", subStr4);

        

        //字符串比较

        NSString *str2 = [NSString stringWithCString:"hallo world中国" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

        NSString *str3 = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:"hello world中国"];

        NSComparisonResult result = [str2 compare:str3];

        if (result == NSOrderedAscending) {//递增

            NSLog(@"str2 < str3");

        }

        elseif(result == NSOrderedDescending)//递减

        {

            NSLog(@"str2 > str3");

        }

        else

        {

            NSLog(@"str2 == str3");

        }

        //以大小写不敏感方式比较字符串

        //[str2 caseInsensitiveCompare:str3];

        //判断两个字符串是否相等

        //- (BOOL)isEqualToString:(NSString *)aString;

        BOOL ret = [str2 isEqualTo:str3];

        if (ret==YES) {

            NSLog(@"str2 == str3");

        }

        else

        {

            NSLog(@"str2 != str3");

        }

        //判断前缀子串

        //- (BOOL)hasPrefix:(NSString *)aString;

        BOOL ret1 = [@"www.baidu.com" hasPrefix:@"www."];

        NSLog(@"ret1 = %d", ret1);

        //判断后缀子串

        //- (BOOL)hasSuffix:(NSString *)aString;

        BOOL ret2 = [@"www.hao123.com" hasSuffix:@"com"];

        NSLog(@"ret2 = %d", ret2);

        //判断是否包含子串(10.10macos)

        BOOL ret3 = [@"hao123" containsString:@"hao"];

        NSLog(@"ret3 = %d", ret3);

        

        //查找子串

        NSString *str4 = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%s","hello world qidfafddnworldfedffsng"];

        NSRange range1 =[str4 rangeOfString:@"world"];

        if (range1.location == NSNotFound) {//不能查找对应的子串,返回long类型最大值

            NSLog(@"没有查找到字串 notfound = %lu", NSNotFound);

        }

        else

        {

            NSLog(@"location = %lu length = %lu", range1.location, range1.length);

        }

        

        //倒序查找子串

        NSRange range2 = [str4 rangeOfString:@"world" options:NSBackwardsSearch];

        NSLog(@"location = %li length = %li", range2.location, range2.length);

        

        //字符串追加

        //并不是直接在原字符串的末尾追加字符串,而是利用传入的字符串及原字符串创建一个新的字符串

        NSString *str5 =@"hello";

        NSLog(@"%p", str5);

        str5 = [str5 stringByAppendingString:@"world"];

        NSLog(@"str5 = %@", str5);

        NSLog(@"%p", str5);

        

        //格式化追加字符串

        NSString *str6 =@"qfdfdng";

        str6 = [str6 stringByAppendingFormat:@"%d%s",123,"helloworld"];

        NSLog(@"str6 = %@", str6);

        

        //把字符换串对象转换成整型浮点型

        int a = [@"12345" intValue];

        float f = [@"3.14" floatValue];

        NSLog(@"a = %d f = %.2f", a, f);

        

        //返回公共前缀子串

        NSString *str7 = [@"www.baidu.com" commonPrefixWithString:@"www.hao123.com" options:NSLiteralSearch];

        NSLog(@"str7 = %@", str7);

        

        //大小写转换

        //把小写字母转换成大写字母

        NSString *str8 = [@"baidu中国" uppercaseString];

        NSLog(@"str8 = %@", str8);

        //把大写字母转换成小写字母

        NSString *str9 = [@"BaiDU" lowercaseString];

        NSLog(@"str9 = %@", str9);

        //把每个单词的首字母大写

        NSString *str10= [@"bai du qian feng" capitalizedString];

        NSLog(@"str10 = %@", str10);

        

        //字符串替换

        //- (NSString *)stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:(NSString *)target withString:(NSString *)replacement

        NSString *str11=@"hello world qiafdfnfdg hello world hello hell qdfdfnfdg";

        str11 = [str11 stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"hello" withString:@"welcome"];

        NSLog(@"str11 = %@", str11);

        

        //替换指定范围内的字符

        //- (NSString *)stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range withString:(NSString *)replacement

        NSString *str12 =@"hello world qianfeng";

        str12 = [str12 stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(12,8) withString:@"welcome"];

        NSLog(@"str12 = %@", str12);

        

        //把OC的字符串对象转换成C字符串

        NSLog(@"%s", [@"hello world" UTF8String]);

        

        //用网址的内容生成OC字符串对像

        //- (instancetype)initWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error;

        //+ (instancetype)stringWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error;

        NSURL *url= [[NSURL alloc] initWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"];

        NSString *urlContent = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];//nil空指针

        NSLog(@"urlContent = %@", urlContent);

        

        //用文件的内容生成字符串

        //- (instancetype)initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error;

        //+ (instancetype)stringWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error;

        NSString *fileContent = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:@"/Users/zhangxueming/Desktop/json.txt" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];

        NSLog(@"fileContent = %@", fileContent);

        

    }

    return0;

}

三.NSSMUtableString的常用方法

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

//NSMutableString 继承与NSString

//所有NSString类的方法NSMutableString都可以使用

int main(int argc,const char * argv[]) {

    @autoreleasepool {

        //创建指定容量大小的可变字符串对象

        //+ (NSMutableString *)stringWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)capacity;

        NSMutableString *mulStr1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithCapacity:20];

        NSLog(@"mulStr1 = %@", mulStr1);

        

        //替换指定范围内的字符

        //- (void)replaceCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range withString:(NSString *)aString;

        NSMutableString *mulStr2 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"hello world qianfdfsfefdg"];

        [mulStr2 replaceCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(6,5) withString:@"welcome"];

        NSLog(@"mulStr2 = %@", mulStr2);

        

        //在指定位置增加字符串

        NSMutableString *mulStr3 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithFormat:@"梦想中国"];

        [mulStr3 insertString:@"hello world" atIndex:2];

        NSLog(@"mulStr3 = %@", mulStr3);

        

        //删除指定范围内的字符

        NSMutableString *mulStr4 = [NSMutableString stringWithUTF8String:"热爱hello world中国"];

        [mulStr4 deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(2,11)];

        NSLog(@"mulStr4 = %@", mulStr4);

        

        //追加字符串

        NSMutableString *mulStr5 = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"helloworld"];

        [mulStr5 appendString:@"qidffdf"];

        NSLog(@"mulStr5 = %@", mulStr5);

        

        //格式化追加字符串

        NSMutableString *mulStr6 = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"%s%d","hello", 12345];

        [mulStr6 appendFormat:@"%.2f%@",3.14, @"world"];

        NSLog(@"mulStr6 = %@", mulStr6);

        

        //修改字符串

        NSMutableString *mulStr7 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"hello world"];

        [mulStr7 setString:@"qifdfdng"];

        NSLog(@"mulStr7 = %@", mulStr7);

        

    }

    return0;

}