一、SpringMVC 框架原理
二、入门程序:
1). web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<!-- spring前端控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<!-- contextConfigLocation 配置 springmvc 加载的配置文件(配置处理器映射器,适配器,视图解析器等)
如果不配置 contextConfigLocation,默认加载的是:/WEB-INF/spring名称-servlet.xml -->
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<!--
1.*.action :访问以 *.action 结尾由 DispatcherServlet 进行解析。
2./ : 所有访问的地址都由 DispatcherServlet 进行解析,对于静态页面的解析需要配置 不让 DispatcherServlet 解析,
使用这种方法可以实现 RESTful 风格的 url。
3./* : 错误的配置。 原因:当使用此种配置时,最后转发到的 jsp 页面 由 DispatcherServlet 解析不出处理器 Handler。
-->
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
2). springmvc.xml:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd ">
<!-- 处理器映射器 HandlerMapper
将 bean 的name 作为 url 进行查找,需要在配置Handler时 指定name(即 url)
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<!-- 另一个映射器:简单url 映射 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/queryPro2.action">productController1</prop>
<prop key="/queryPro3.action">productController1</prop>
<prop key="/queryPro4.action">productController2</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置Handler -->
<bean id="productController1" name="/queryPro.action" class="lxf.controller.ProductController"/>
<bean id="productController2" class="lxf.controller.ProductController2" />
<!-- 处理器适配器 HandlerAdapter
所有处理器适配器都必须实现 HandlerAdapter 接口
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
<!-- 另一个适配器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter"/>
<!-- 注解 适配器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"/>
<!-- 注解 映射器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/>
<!-- 注解组件扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="lxf.controller"/>
<!-- 使用<mvc:annotation-driven> 就可以不用配置
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter 和 RequestMappingHandlerMapping
而且 它还默认加载很多的参数绑定方法,比如: json 转换解析器
-->
<!-- <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven> -->
<!-- 页面解析器
解析 jsp,默认使用 jstl 标签,classPath 下要有 jstl 包
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" />
</beans>
3). products.java:
package lxf.po;
import java.util.Date;
public class Products {
private Integer id;
private String name, detail, pic;
private Float price;
private Date createTime;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getDetail() {
return detail;
}
public void setDetail(String detail) {
this.detail = detail;
}
public String getPic() {
return pic;
}
public void setPic(String pic) {
this.pic = pic;
}
public Float getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(Float price) {
this.price = price;
}
public Date getCreateTime() {
return createTime;
}
public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) {
this.createTime = createTime;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Products [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", detail=" + detail + ", pic=" + pic + ", price=" + price
+ ", createTime=" + createTime + "]";
}
}
4.1). SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter处理器适配器的Handler:
package lxf.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import lxf.po.Products;
public class ProductController implements Controller{
/*
* 查询产品列表
*/
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception {
// 构造假数据
List<Products> proList = new ArrayList<Products>();
Products pro1 = new Products();
Products pro2 = new Products();
pro1.setId(1);
pro1.setName("cup");
pro1.setPrice(43f);
pro1.setCreateTime(new Date());
pro2.setId(2);
pro2.setName("mouse");
pro2.setPrice(320f);
pro2.setCreateTime(new Date());
proList.add(pro1);
proList.add(pro2);
ModelAndView modelv = new ModelAndView();
modelv.addObject("proList", proList);
modelv.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/productsList.jsp");
return modelv;
}
}
4.2)HttpRequestHandlerAdapter处理器适配器的Handler:
package lxf.controller;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.HttpRequestHandler;
import lxf.po.Products;
public class ProductController2 implements HttpRequestHandler{
@Override
public void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 构造假数据
List<Products> proList = new ArrayList<Products>();
Products pro1 = new Products();
Products pro2 = new Products();
pro1.setId(1);
pro1.setName("cup");
pro1.setPrice(43f);
pro1.setCreateTime(new Date());
pro2.setId(2);
pro2.setName("mouse");
pro2.setPrice(320f);
pro2.setCreateTime(new Date());
proList.add(pro1);
proList.add(pro2);
//设置模型数据
request.setAttribute("proList", proList);
//
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/productsList.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
虽然上面的这种方法是 原始的 servlet 转发模式,没有 modelAndView 便利。但此种方法可以通过修改 response,设置响应的数据格式,比如响应 json 数据:
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("json串");
4.3)注解Handler:
package lxf.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import lxf.po.Products;
//使用 Controller 标识,它是一个控制器
@Controller
public class ProductController3 {
/*
* 查询产品列表
* @RequestMapping 实现 对queryProducts方法 和 url 进行映射,一个方法对应一个 url
* 一般建议将 url 和方法名 一样
*/
@RequestMapping("/queryProducts")
public ModelAndView queryProducts() throws Exception {
// 构造假数据
List<Products> proList = new ArrayList<Products>();
Products pro1 = new Products();
Products pro2 = new Products();
pro1.setId(1);
pro1.setName("cup");
pro1.setPrice(43f);
pro1.setCreateTime(new Date());
pro2.setId(2);
pro2.setName("mouse");
pro2.setPrice(320f);
pro2.setCreateTime(new Date());
proList.add(pro1);
proList.add(pro2);
ModelAndView modelv = new ModelAndView();
modelv.addObject("proList", proList);
modelv.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/productsList.jsp");
return modelv;
}
}
5). productsList.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" prefix="fmt"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>查询商品列表</title>
</head>
<body>
商品列表:
<table width="100%" border=1>
<tr>
<td>商品名称</td>
<td>商品价格</td>
<td>生产日期</td>
<td>商品描述</td>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${proList }" var="pro">
<tr>
<td>${pro.name }</td>
<td>${pro.price }</td>
<td><fmt:formatDate value="${pro.createTime}" pattern="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"/></td>
<td>${pro.detail }</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
</html>
6). 运行结果:
三、小结:
- 多个映射器可以并存,前端控制器判断 url 能让哪些映射器映射,就让正确的映射器处理。
- 使用注解的映射器和注解的适配器: (注解的映射器和注解的适配器必须配对使用),不能使用非注解映射器进行映射。
- 实际开发用:<mvc:annotation-driven /> 来代替配对的注解映射器和适配器;
- 视图解析器配置前缀后缀:
那在 Controller 注解类中指定视图: