前提准备:
一、创建表及初始化数据
1、表结构说明:
bonus职位表( ename 员工姓名,job 工作,sal 薪水, comm 佣金)
emp员工表(empno员工号/ename员工姓名/job工作/mgr上级编号/hiredate受雇日期/sal薪金/comm佣金/deptno部门编号)
dept部门表(deptno部门编号/dname部门名称/loc地点)
salgrad 薪金级别(grade 初级, losal 中级,hisal 高级)
创建职位表:代码如下
create table BONUS
(
ename VARCHAR2(10),
job VARCHAR2(9),
sal NUMBER,
comm NUMBER
)
创建部门表:
create table DEPT
(
deptno NUMBER(2) not null,
dname VARCHAR2(14),
loc VARCHAR2(13)
);
创建员工表:
create table EMP
(
empno NUMBER(4) not null,
ename VARCHAR2(10),
job VARCHAR2(9),
mgr NUMBER(4),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER(7,2),
comm NUMBER(7,2),
deptno NUMBER(2)
);
创建薪水等级表:
create table SALGRADE
(
grade NUMBER,
losal NUMBER,
hisal NUMBER
)
2:给部门表插入数据
insert into DEPT (deptno, dname, loc)
values (10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');
insert into DEPT (deptno, dname, loc)
values (20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS');
insert into DEPT (deptno, dname, loc)
values (30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO');
insert into DEPT (deptno, dname, loc)
values (40, 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON');
commit;
给员工表插入数据:
insert into EMP (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
values (7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902, to_date('17-12-1980', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), 800, null, 20);
insert into EMP (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
values (7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, to_date('20-02-1981', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), 1600, 300, 30);
insert into EMP (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
values (7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698, to_date('22-02-1981', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), 1250, 500, 30);
insert into EMP (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
values (7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, to_date('02-04-1981', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), 2975, null, 20);
insert into EMP (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
values (7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, to_date('28-09-1981', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), 1250, 1400, 30);
insert into EMP (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
values (7698, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, to_date('01-05-1981', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), 2850, null, 30);
insert into EMP (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
values (7782, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, to_date('09-06-1981', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), 2450, null, 10);
insert into EMP (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
values (7788, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 7566, to_date('19-04-1987', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), 3000, null, 20);
insert into EMP (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, to_date('17-11-1981', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), 5000, null, 10);
insert into EMP (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
values (7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 7698, to_date('08-09-1981', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), 1500, 0, 30);
insert into EMP (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
values (7876, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 7788, to_date('23-05-1987', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), 1100, null, 20);
insert into EMP (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
values (7900, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 7698, to_date('03-12-1981', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), 950, null, 30);
insert into EMP (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
values (7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 7566, to_date('03-12-1981', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), 3000, null, 20);
insert into EMP (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
values (7934, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 7782, to_date('23-01-1982', 'dd-mm-yyyy'), 1300, null, 10);
commit;
给薪水等级表插入数据:
insert into SALGRADE (grade, losal, hisal)
values (1, 700, 1200);
insert into SALGRADE (grade, losal, hisal)
values (2, 1201, 1400);
insert into SALGRADE (grade, losal, hisal)
values (3, 1401, 2000);
insert into SALGRADE (grade, losal, hisal)
values (4, 2001, 3000);
insert into SALGRADE (grade, losal, hisal)
values (5, 3001, 9999);
commit;
--1.选择部门30中的所有员工:
select * from emp where deptno=30;
--2.列出所有办事员(CLERK)的姓名,编号和部门编号:
select ename,empno,deptno FROM EMP where job='CLERK';
--3.列出佣金(comm)高于薪金(sal)的员工:
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE COMM>SAL;
--4.找出佣金(comm)高于薪金百分60的员工
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE COMM>SAL*0.6;
--5.找出部门10中所有经理(MANAGER) 和部门20中所有办事员(CLERK)的详细资料
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE (deptno=10 AND job='MANAGER') OR (deptno=20 AND job='CLERK');
--6.找出部门10中所有经理,部门20中所有的办事员,既不是经理又不是办事员,但是薪金大于或等于2000的所有员工的资料:
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE
(deptno=10 AND job='MANAGER') OR
(deptno=20 AND job='CLERK') OR
(job NOT IN('MANAGER','CLERK') AND sal>=2000);
--7.找出收取佣金(comm)的员工的不同工作:[DISTINCT->消除重复的关键字]
SELECT DISTINCT JOB FROM EMP WHERE COMM IS NOT NULL;
--8.找出不收取佣金或者佣金小于100的员工:
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE COMM IS NULL OR COMM<100;
--9.找个各月倒数第三天受雇的所有员工:
--使用LAST_DAY()函数
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE (LAST_DAY(hiredate)-2)=hiredate;
--10.找出早于12年前受雇的员工:
--注意使用MONTHS_BETWEEN(今天,雇佣日期)
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE,hiredate)/12>12 ORDER BY EMPNO;
--11.按照首字母大写的方式显示员工姓名
SELECT INITCAP(ENAME) FROM EMP;
--12.显示正好为5个字符的员工的姓名
SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE LENGTH(ENAME)=5;
--13.显示不带有"R"的员工姓名:
SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE ENAME NOT LIKE '%R%';
--14.显示所有员工姓名的前3个字符:
SELECT SUBSTR(ENAME,1,3) FROM EMP;
--15.显示所有员工的姓名,并且用“x” 替换替换所有的 “A”;
SELECT REPLACE(ENAME,'A','x') FROM EMP;
--16.显示满十年服务年限的员工的姓名和受雇日期:
SELECT ENAME,HIREDATE FROM EMP WHERE MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE,HIREDATE)/12>10;
--17.显示员工的详细资料,按姓名排序:
SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY ENAME;
--18.显示员工的姓名和受雇日期,并根据其服务年限,把资料最老的员工排在第在前面:
SELECT ENAME,HIREDATE FROM EMP ORDER BY HIREDATE;
--19.显示所有员工的姓名,工作和薪金,按工作的降序排序,若工作相同则按薪金排序:
SELECT ENAME,JOB,SAL FROM EMP ORDER BY JOB DESC,SAL;
--20.显示所有员工的姓名,加入公司的年份和月份,按受雇日期所在的年排序,若年份相同则讲最早月份的员工排在最前面:
--使用TO_CHAR()函数
SELECT ename,TO_CHAR(hiredate,'yyyy') year,TO_CHAR(hiredate,'MM') mon FROM emp ORDER BY year,mon;
--21.显示在一个月为30天的情况所有员工的日薪金,并且忽略余数:
--ROUND() 四舍五入N
SELECT ename,ROUND(sal/30) 日薪金 FROM emp;
--22.找出在(任何年份)的2月受聘的所有员工:
SELECT EMPNO,ENAME FROM EMP WHERE TO_CHAR(HIREDATE,'MM')=2;
--23.对于每个员工,显示其加入公司的天数:
SELECT ROUND(SYSDATE-HIREDATE) FROM EMP;
--24.显示姓名字段的任何位置包含“A”的所有员工姓名:
SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE ENAME LIKE '%A%';
--25.以年月的方式显示所有员工的服务年限:
--年:求出总共的月/12 -> 产生小数,并不能四舍五入
--月:对12取余
SELECT ename,TRUNC(MONTHS_BETWEEN(sysdate,hiredate)/12) year,TRUNC(MOD(MONTHS_BETWEEN(sysdate,hiredate),12)) mon FROM emp;
-------------复杂查询,子查询,多表关联--------------
--26.列出至少有三个员工的所有部门和部门信息。[!!]
SELECT * FROM DEPT WHERE DEPTNO IN(
SELECT DEPTNO FROM EMP GROUP BY DEPTNO HAVING COUNT(EMPNO)>3
);
SELECT d.*,ed.count FROM dept d,(
SELECT deptno,COUNT(empno) count FROM emp GROUP BY deptno HAVING COUNT(empno)>3) ed
WHERE d.deptno=ed.deptno;
--27.列出薪金比“ALLEN”多的所有员工
SELECT E.ENAME FROM EMP E,(
SELECT SAL FROM EMP WHERE ENAME='ALLEN')B
WHERE E.SAL>B.SAL;
SELECT sal FROM emp WHERE ename='ALLEN'; //子查询
SELECT * FROM emp
WHERE sal>(SELECT sal FROM emp WHERE ename='ALLEN');
--28.列出所有员工的姓名及其上级的姓名:
SELECT E1.ENAME 员工,E2.ENAME 上级 FROM EMP E1,EMP E2 WHERE E1.MGR=E2.EMPNO(+);
--由于KING并没有上级,所以添加一个(+)号表示左连接
--29.列出受雇日期早于直接上级的所有员工的编号,姓名,部门名称
SELECT e.ename,e.empno,d.dname
FROM emp e,emp m,dept d
WHERE e.mgr=m.empno AND e.deptno=d.deptno AND e.hiredate<m.hiredate
;
--30.列出部门名称和这些部门员工的信息,同时列出那些没有员工的部门。
·左右关联的问题,即使没有员工也要显示
SELECT d.deptno,d.dname,e.empno,e.ename
FROM dept d,emp e
WHERE d.deptno=e.deptno(+);
--31.列出“CLERK”的姓名和部门名称,部门人数:
--找出所有办事员的姓名和部门编号:
select ename,dname,B.cnt from dept d,EMP e,(
select deptno,count(empno) cnt from emp group by deptno)B
where B.deptno=d.deptno and e.job='CLERK' AND D.DEPTNO=e.DEPTNO;
SELECT e.ename,d.dname,ed.cou
FROM emp e,dept d,(SELECT deptno,COUNT(empno) cou FROM emp GROUP BY deptno) ed
WHERE e.deptno=d.deptno AND job='CLERK' AND ed.deptno=d.deptno;
--32.列出最低薪金大于1500的各种工作以及从事此工作的全部雇员人数
select job,min(sal),count(empno) from emp group by job having min(sal)>1500
--按工作分组,分组条件是最低工资大于1500
SELECT job,MIN(sal) FROM emp
GROUP BY job HAVING MIN(sal)>1500;
--在按照
SELECT e.job,COUNT(empno)
FROM emp e
WHERE job IN(
SELECT job FROM emp
GROUP BY job HAVING MIN(sal)>1500
)
GROUP BY e.job;
--33.列出在部门销售部工作的员工姓名,假设不知道销售部的部门编号
select ename from emp where deptno=(
select deptno from dept where dname like 'SALES');
--根据DEPT表查询销售部的部门编号(子查询)
SELECT deptno
FROM dept
WHERE dname='SALES';
--上述为子查询
SELECT ename FROM emp
WHERE deptno=(
SELECT deptno
FROM dept
WHERE dname='SALES');
--34.列出薪金高于工资平均薪金的所有员工,所在部门,上级领导,公司的工资等级。
SELECT E1.EMPNO,E1.ENAME,E2.ENAME,D.*
FROM EMP E1,EMP E2,DEPT D
WHERE E1.MGR=E2.EMPNO(+) --自连接 求出上级领导
AND E1.DEPTNO=D.DEPTNO --所在部门
AND E1.SAL>(--高于平均薪资
SELECT AVG(SAL) FROM EMP);
--求出平均工资:
SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp;
--列出薪金高于平均工资的所有雇员信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal>(
SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp
);
--和部门表关联,查询所在部门的信息(注意KING 是没有上级的 注意右连接)
SELECT e.*,d.dname,d.loc,m.ename
FROM emp e,dept d,emp m
WHERE
e.mgr=m.empno(+) AND
e.deptno=d.deptno AND
e.sal>(
SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp
);
--求出雇员的工资等级
SELECT e.*,d.dname,d.loc,m.ename,s.grade
FROM emp e,dept d,emp m,salgrade s
WHERE e.mgr=m.empno(+)
AND e.deptno=d.deptno
AND e.sal>(
SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp)
AND e.sal BETWEEN s.losal AND s.hisal;
--35.列出和“SCOTT”从事相同工作的所有员工及部门名称:
select ename,job,dname from emp e,dept d
where job=(
select job from emp where ename like 'SCOTT'
)
and e.deptno=d.deptno
and ename not like 'SCOTT';
--SCOTT从事的工作
SELECT job FROM emp WHERE ename='SCOTT';
--做子查询
SELECT e.*,d.dname FROM emp e,dept d
WHERE e.job=(SELECT job FROM emp WHERE ename='SCOTT')
AND e.deptno=d.deptno;
--以上的结果存在SCOTT,应该去掉
SELECT e.*,d.dname FROM emp e,dept d
WHERE e.job=(SELECT job FROM emp WHERE ename='SCOTT')
AND e.deptno=d.deptno
AND e.ename!='SCOTT';
--36.列出薪金等于部门30中员工薪金的所有员工的姓名和薪金
--求出部门30中的员工薪金
SELECT sal FROM emp WHERE deptno=30;
--子查询
SELECT ename,sal FROM emp
WHERE sal IN (SELECT sal FROM emp WHERE deptno=30)
AND deptno!=30;
--37.列出薪金高于在部门30工作的所有员工的薪金的员工姓名和薪金、部门名称
--在之前的程序进行修改使用>ALL ,比最大还大
SELECT ename,sal FROM emp
WHERE sal >ALL(SELECT sal FROM emp WHERE deptno=30)
AND deptno!=30;
--再和dept关联,求出部门名称
SELECT e.ename,e.sal,d.dname
FROM emp e,dept d
WHERE e.sal >ALL(SELECT sal FROM emp WHERE deptno=30)
AND e.deptno!=30
AND e.deptno=d.deptno;
--38.列出每个部门工作的员工数量、平均工资和平均服务期限
--每个部门工作的员工数量:
SELECT d.dname,COUNT(e.empno)
FROM emp e,dept d
WHERE e.deptno=d.deptno
GROUP BY d.dname;
--求出平均工资和服务年限
SELECT d.dname,COUNT(e.empno),AVG(sal),AVG(MONTHS_BETWEEN(sysdate,hiredate)/12) 年
FROM emp e,dept d
WHERE e.deptno=d.deptno
GROUP BY d.dname;
--39.列出所有员工的姓名、部门和工资
SELECT e.ename,d.dname,e.sal FROM emp e,dept d WHERE e.deptno=d.deptno;
--40.列出所有部门的相信信息和部门人数
--列出所有部门的人数
SELECT deptno dno,COUNT(empno) cou
FROM emp
GROUP BY deptno;
--把上表当成临时表:【由于40部门没有雇员,所以应该使用0表示】
SELECT d.*,NVL(ed.cou,0) FROM dept d,(
SELECT deptno dno,COUNT(empno) cou FROM emp
GROUP BY deptno
) ed
WHERE d.deptno=ed.dno(+);
--41、列出各种工作的最低工资以及从事此工作的雇员姓名:
--按工作分组求出最低工资
SELECT MIN(sal) m FROM emp GROUP BY job;
--子查询
SELECT e.ename FROM emp e
WHERE e.sal IN(SELECT MIN(sal) m FROM emp GROUP BY job);
--42、列出各个部门的MANAGER 的最低薪金:
select deptno,min(sal) from emp where job like 'MANAGER' group by deptno ;
--求出各个部门MANAGER的工资,按照部门分组
SELECT deptno,MIN(sal) FROM emp WHERE job='MANAGER' GROUP BY deptno;
--43、列出所有员工的年工资,按照年薪从低到高排序:
select ename,(sal+nvl(comm,0))*12 income from emp order by income;
--44、查询出某个员工的上级主管,并要求这些主管中的薪水超过3000
select distinct m.* from emp e,emp m
where e.mgr=m.empno
and m.sal>3000;
--45、求出部门名称中带有’S‘字符的部门员工的工资合计,部门人数
SELECT SUM(SAL),COUNT(EMPNO) FROM EMP
WHERE DEPTNO IN(
select deptno from dept where dname like '%S%'
)GROUP BY DEPTNO;
--46、给任职日期超过10年的人加薪10%;
UPDATE emp SET sal=sal*1.1 WHERE MONTHS_BETWEEN(sysdate,hiredate)/12>10;