K8S Volumn

容器会被频繁地创建和销毁，销毁时保存在容器中的数据也会被清除，为了持久化容器中的数据，K8S 引入了Volume的概念，通过Volume实现同一个Pod中不同容器之间的数据共享以及持久化存储，当容器终止或者重启时Volume中的数据也不会丢失

配置存储(存储配置信息)

ConfigMap

apiVersion: v1 
kind: ConfigMap 
metadata:
  namespace: ns-configMap # 命名空间 
  name: configmap # 名称
data:
  info: # 配置信息
    username: admin
    password: 123456

• 挂载到Pod

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  namespace: ns-volume # 要与ConfigMap的namespace一致
  name: volume-configmap
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx 
    image: nginx
    ports:
    - name: port-nginx
      containerPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
    volumeMounts:
    - name: logs-volume
      mountPath: /var/log/nginx
  volumes:
  - name: logs-volume
    configMap: 
      name: configmap # configmap名称

Secret(类似于ConfigMap，主要用于存储敏感信息)

apiVersion: v1 
kind: Secret 
metadata:
  namespace: ns-Secret # 命名空间 
  name: secret # 名称
type: Opaque
data:
  username: YWRtaW4=
  password: MTIzNDU2

• 挂载到Pod

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  namespace: ns-volume # 要与Secret的namespace一致
  name: volume-secret
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx 
    image: nginx
    ports:
    - name: port-nginx
      containerPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
    volumeMounts:
    - name: logs-volume
      mountPath: /var/log/nginx
  volumes:
  - name: logs-volume
    secret: 
      secretName: secret # Secret 名称

运行时数据存储

EmptyDir

当 Pod 指定到某个节点上时，首先创建的是一个 EmptyDir 卷，只要 Pod 在该节点上运行卷就一直存在。当 Pod 因为某些原因被从节点上删除时，EmptyDir 卷中的数据也会永久删除，所以EmptyDir一般用做于临时空间使用

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  namespace: ns-volume
  name: volume-emptyDir
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx 
    image: nginx
    ports:
    - name: port-nginx
      containerPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
    volumeMounts:
    - name: logs-volume
      mountPath: /var/log/nginx
  volumes:
  - name: logs-volume
    emptyDir: {}

kubectl apply -f /home/lixing/demo/volume-emptyDir.yaml
kubectl get deployment,pods,service,ingress -n ns-volume -o wide
kubectl describe pod volume-emptyDir -n ns-volume
kubectl delete pod volume-emptyDir -n ns-volume --force --grace-period=0

HostPath

将Node主机中的一个实际目录挂载到Pod中供容器使用，但如果Pod重新创建后转移到了其它Node上，那么数据就找不到了

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  namespace: ns-volume
  name: volume-hostPath
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx 
    image: nginx
    ports:
    - name: port-nginx
      containerPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
    volumeMounts:
    - name: logs-volume
      mountPath: /var/log/nginx
  volumes:
  - name: logs-volume
    hostPath: 
      path: /root/logs
      type: DirectoryOrCreate

kubectl apply -f /home/lixing/demo/volume-hostPath.yaml
kubectl get deployment,pods,service,ingress -n ns-volume -o wide
kubectl describe pod volume-hostPath -n ns-volume
kubectl delete pod volume-hostPath -n ns-volume --force --grace-period=0

NFS（类似于这样的文件服务器有很多）

搭建 NFS 服务器高可用集群，将Pod上的数据存储到 NFS 系统上，无论Pod怎么漂移都可以访问数据

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  namespace: ns-volume
  name: volume-nfs
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx 
    image: nginx
    ports:
    - name: port-nginx
      containerPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
    volumeMounts:
    - name: logs-volume
      mountPath: /var/log/nginx
  volumes:
  - name: logs-volume
    nfs: 
      server: 192.168.111.111
      path: /root/data/nfs

kubectl apply -f /home/lixing/demo/volume-nfs.yaml
kubectl get deployment,pods,service,ingress -n ns-volume -o wide
kubectl describe pod volume-nfs -n ns-volume
kubectl delete pod volume-nfs -n ns-volume --force --grace-period=0

高级存储

PV （K8S对存储资源的抽象，关联具体的存储资源）

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv2
spec:
  nfs: # 存储类型，与底层真正存储对应
  capacity: # 存储能力，目前只支持存储空间的设置
    storage: 2Gi
  accessModes: # 访问模式
  storageClassName: # 存储类别
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: # 回收策略

PVC（对PV资源的申请）

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  namespace: ns-volume # PVC命名空间
  name: pvc # PVC名称
spec:
  accessModes: # 访问模式
  - ReadWriteMany
  selector: #采用标签对PV选择
  storageClassName: #存储类别
  resources: #请求空间
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi

挂载Pod

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  namespace: ns-volume # 要与pvc的namespace一致
  name: volume-nfs
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx 
    image: nginx
    ports:
    - name: port-nginx
      containerPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
    volumeMounts:
    - name: logs-volume
      mountPath: /var/log/nginx
  volumes:
  - name: logs-volume
    persistentVolumeClaim: 
      claimName: pvc # PVC名称
      readOnly: false