用构造器构建多参数类

用构造器构建多参数类

更高效健壮的构造方法，适用于大量可选参数的的构造。

---

重叠构造方法（telescoping constructor）

一般的做法是构建一个包含所有必要和非必要参数的构造器，而后不断构造含有一个可选参数，两个可选参数至更多可选参数的构造器组。这种重叠构造方法固然可行，但是当有许多参数的时候，代码的编写就会不那么容易，而且应用和阅读起来更不会那么喜人。

public class NutritionFacts_TelescopingPattern {
    private final int servingSize;
    private final int servings;
    private final int calories;
    private final int fat;
    private final int sodium;
    private final int carbohydrate;
    public NutritionFacts_TelescopingPattern(int servingSize, int servings ,int calories,int fat,int sodium){
        this(servingSize,servings,calories,fat,sodium,0);
    }

    public NutritionFacts_TelescopingPattern(int servingSize,int servings,int calories,int fat,int sodium,int carbohydrate){    
        this.servingSize = servingSize;
        this.servings = servings;
        this.calories = calories;
        this.fat = fat;
        this.sodium = sodium;
        this.carbohydrate = carbohydrate;
    }
    public void test(){ 
        new NutritionFacts_TelescopingPattern(0,0,0,0,0,0); 
    }
}

高效的Builder模式

首先构建builder内部类，而后用builder去构造相关类。

public class NutritionFacts_BuilderPattern {
    private final int servingSize;
    private final int servings;
    private final int calories;
    private final int fat;
    private final int sodium;
    private final int carbohydrate;

    public static class Builder{

        private final int servingSize;
        private final int servings;

        private  int calories = 0;
        private  int fat = 0;
        private  int sodium = 0;
        private  int carbohydrate = 0;

        public Builder(int servingSize,int servings){

            this.servingSize = servingSize;
            this.servings = servings;
        }

        public Builder calories(int val){
            calories = val; return this;
        }

        public Builder fat(int val){
            fat = val; return this;
        }

        public Builder sodium(int val){
            sodium = val; return this;
        }

        public Builder carbohydrate(int val){
            carbohydrate = val; return this;
        }

        public NutritionFacts_BuilderPattern build(){
            return new NutritionFacts_BuilderPattern(this);
        }
    }

    private NutritionFacts_BuilderPattern(Builder builder){
        servingSize = builder.servingSize;
        servings = builder.servings;
        calories = builder.calories;
        fat = builder.fat;
        sodium = builder.sodium;
        carbohydrate = builder.carbohydrate;
    }

    public void test(){
        new NutritionFacts_BuilderPattern.Builder(240,80).calories(100).sodium(35)
        .carbohydrate(27).fat(20).build();
    }   
}