解决线程安全问题的方法

多线程

处理多线程安全问题

1.同步代码块

步骤

​ 1.定义一个类实现Runnable接口,重写run方法,在run方法中编写卖票逻辑
​ 2.创建多个线程,传入接口的实现类对象
​ 3.启动多个线程

代码实例

3个窗口同时售票

//测试类实现
public static void main(String[] args) {

        Ticket t = new Ticket();
		//将ticket的RUnnable对象交给创建的线程执行
        Thread t1 = new Thread(t,"窗口1");//定义线程的名称
        Thread t2 = new Thread(t,"窗口2");
        Thread t3 = new Thread(t,"窗口3");
		//开始线程
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();

    }

//继承Runnable方法并重写run方法

public class Ticket implements Runnable {

    private int num =100;

    Object o = new Object();

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while(true){//死循环  一直执行

            synchronized (o){ //同步代码块，避免多个线程执行同一个方法体

                String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();//获取线程的名称

                if(num > 0){//当还有票的时候，打印
                    System.out.println(name +"第"+(num--)+"张票");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

2.使用同步方法处理

步骤

同步方法格式:
修饰符 synchronized 返回值类型 方法名() {
操作共享数据的代码;
}

代码案例

public static void main(String[] args) {

    MyRunnable t = new MyRunnable();

    Thread t1 = new Thread(t,"窗口1");
    Thread t2 = new Thread(t,"窗口2");
    Thread t3 = new Thread(t,"窗口3");

    t1.start();
    t2.start();
    t3.start();

}

public class MyRunnable implements Runnable {

    private int num = 100;

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while (true) {

            try {
                Thread.sleep(50);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            tickets();//调用方法

        }
    }

    private synchronized void tickets() {//将共享数据的代码放入方法中
        if (num > 0) {
            String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            System.out.println(name + "第" + (num--) + "张票");
        }
    }
}

3.Lock解决线程安全问题

步骤

Lock使用标准方式
lock.lock(); // 获得锁
try {
操作共享资源的代码
} finally {
lock.unlock(); // 释放锁
}

代码示例

public static void main(String[] args) {

    LockDemo t = new LockDemo();

    Thread t1 = new Thread(t,"窗口1");
    Thread t2 = new Thread(t,"窗口2");
    Thread t3 = new Thread(t,"窗口3");

    t1.start();
    t2.start();
    t3.start();
}

public class LockDemo implements Runnable {

    private int num = 100;

    Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();//定义锁

    Object o = new Object();

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while (true) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(50);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            lock.lock();//上锁

            String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();

            if (num > 0) {
                System.out.println(name + "第" + (num--) + "张票");
            }

            lock.unlock();//解锁
        }

    }

}