SpringCloud从入门到精通——Eureka服务注册中心

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已于 2022-04-22 09:07:34 修改

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分类专栏： SpringCloud 文章标签： Eureka 服务注册中心

于 2022-04-21 23:21:20 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_30999361/article/details/124334503

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Eureka服务注册中心

1. Eureka基本介绍

Eureka是Netflix开发的服务发现框架，本身是一个基于REST的服务，主要用于定位运行在AWS域中的中间层服务，以达到负载均衡和中间层服务故障转移的目的。
SpringCloud将它集成在其子项目spring-cloud-netflix中，以实现SpringCloud的服务发现功能。

Eureka包含两个组件：Eureka Server和Eureka Client。
Eureka Server提供服务注册服务，各个节点启动后，会在Eureka Server中进行注册，这样EurekaServer中的服务注册表中将会存储所有可用服务节点的信息，服务节点的信息可以在界面中直观的看到。
Eureka Client是一个java客户端，用于简化与Eureka Server的交互，客户端同时也就是一个内置的、使用轮询(round-robin)负载算法的负载均衡器。

在应用启动后，将会向Eureka Server发送心跳,默认周期为30秒，如果Eureka Server在多个心跳周期内没有接收到某个节点的心跳，Eureka Server将会从服务注册表中把这个服务节点移除(默认90秒)。
Eureka Server之间通过复制的方式完成数据的同步，Eureka还提供了客户端缓存机制，即使所有的Eureka Server都挂掉，客户端依然可以利用缓存中的信息消费其他服务的API。综上，Eureka通过心跳检查、客户端缓存等机制，确保了系统的高可用性、灵活性和可伸缩性。

2. Eureka环境构建

2.1 EurekaServer端

2.1.1 Maven依赖

   <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Finchley.RC2</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

2.1.2 配置文件

server:
  port: 9090 #服务注册中心端口号
spring:
  application:
    name: spring-cloud-eureka-server
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: 127.0.0.1 #服务注册中心IP地址
  client:
    registerWithEureka: false #是否向服务注册中心注册自己
    fetchRegistry: false #是否检索服务
    serviceUrl: #服务注册中心的配置内容，指定服务注册中心的位置
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

2.1.3 启动类

package com.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

/**
 * @Author: JYC
 * @Title: AppEurekaServer
 * @Description: TODO
 * @Date: 2022/4/21 18:46
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class AppEurekaServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AppEurekaServer.class);
    }
}

2.2 EurekaClient端

2.2.1 Maven

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Finchley.RC2</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

2.2.2 配置文件

server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  application:
    name: demo-member   #服务名称 在注册中心展示服务名称
eureka:
  client:
    service-url: # 服务注册中心地址
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:9090/eureka/

2.2.3 启动类

package com.demo.service;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

/**
 * @Author: JYC
 * @Title: com.demo.service.AppMember
 * @Description: TODO
 * @Date: 2022/4/21 13:59
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class AppMember {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AppMember.class);
    }
}

2.3 服务发现

2.3.1 Maven

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Finchley.RC2</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

2.3.2 配置文件

server:
  port: 8070
spring:
  application:
    name: demo-order   #服务名称 在注册中心展示服务名称
eureka:
  client:
    service-url: # 服务注册中心地址
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:9090/eureka/

2.3.3 启动类

package com.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

/**
 * @Author: JYC
 * @Title: AppOrder
 * @Description: TODO
 * @Date: 2022/4/21 14:10
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class AppOrder {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AppOrder.class);
    }
}

2.2.4 接口

package com.demo.service;

import com.demo.utils.HttpClientUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Author: JYC
 * @Title: OrderToMemberService
 * @Description: TODO
 * @Date: 2022/4/21 14:04
 */
@RestController
public class OrderToMemberService {
    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;

    /**
     * 订单服务，调用 会员服务接口
     */
    @RequestMapping("/orderToMember")
    public String OrderToMember() {
        // HttpClient 工具类 实现RPC远程调用
//        String memberUrl = "http://192.168.66.1:8080/getMember";
        /**
         * 根据服务名称，从注册中心获取会员的接口地址
         */
        List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("demo-member");
        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = instances.get(0);
        // 会员服务的ip和端口
        String memberUrl = "http://" + serviceInstance.getHost() + ":" + serviceInstance.getPort() + "/" + "getMember";
        return "订单服务调用会员服务：" + HttpClientUtils.doGet(memberUrl, null);
    }
}

2.2.5 工具类

package com.demo.utils;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @Author: JYC
 * @Title: OrderToMemberService
 * @Description: TODO
 * @Date: 2022/4/21 14:04
 */

public class HttpClientUtils {

    private static final CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
    public static final String CHARSET = "UTF-8";
    private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(HttpClientUtils.class);

    // 采用静态代码块，初始化超时时间配置，再根据配置生成默认httpClient对象
    static {
        RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(60000).setSocketTimeout(15000).build();
        httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().setDefaultRequestConfig(config).build();
    }

    public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
        return doGet(url, params, CHARSET);
    }


    public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws IOException {
        return doPost(url, params, CHARSET);
    }

    /**
     * HTTP Get 获取内容
     *
     * @param url     请求的url地址 ?之前的地址
     * @param params  请求的参数
     * @param charset 编码格式
     * @return 页面内容
     */
    public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> params, String charset) {
        try {
            if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
                List<NameValuePair> pairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(params.size());
                for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
                    String value = entry.getValue();
                    if (value != null) {
                        pairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), value));
                    }
                }
                // 将请求参数和url进行拼接
                url += "?" + EntityUtils.toString(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairs, charset));
            }
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            if (statusCode != 200) {
                httpGet.abort();
                throw new RuntimeException("HttpClient,error status code :" + statusCode);
            }
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String result = null;
            if (entity != null) {
                result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
            }
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
            response.close();
            return result;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("请求服务器端出错:" + e);
            return null;
        }

    }

    /**
     * HTTP Post 获取内容
     *
     * @param url     请求的url地址 ?之前的地址
     * @param params  请求的参数
     * @param charset 编码格式
     * @return 页面内容
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> params, String charset)
            throws IOException {
        List<NameValuePair> pairs = null;
        if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
            pairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(params.size());
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
                String value = entry.getValue();
                if (value != null) {
                    pairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), value));
                }
            }
        }
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        if (pairs != null && pairs.size() > 0) {
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairs, CHARSET));
        }
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            if (statusCode != 200) {
                httpPost.abort();
                throw new RuntimeException("HttpClient,error status code :" + statusCode);
            }
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String result = null;
            if (entity != null) {
                result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
            }
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
            return result;
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            log.error("请求服务器端出错:" + e);
            return null;
        } finally {
            if (response != null)
                response.close();
        }
    }
}

2.4 Eureka 常用配置解析

Eureka 常用配置解析（点击跳转）

3. 效果展示

3.1 启动EurekaServer端

在这里插入图片描述
浏览器访问：http://127.0.0.1:9090/
出现如下界面表示服务端启动成功

3.2 启动EurekaClient端

在这里插入图片描述
浏览器访问：http://127.0.0.1:9090/
在界面中能看到"DEMO-MEMBER"表示启动成功

3.3 启动服务发现

在这里插入图片描述
浏览器访问：http://127.0.0.1:9090/
在界面中能看到"DEMO-ORDER"表示启动成功

3.4 接口测试

在浏览器中输入：http://127.0.0.1:8070/orderToMember
在这里插入图片描述

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SpringCloud从入门到精通——Eureka服务注册中心

Eureka服务注册中心目录Eureka服务注册中心1. Eureka基本介绍2. Eureka环境构建2.1 EurekaServer端2.1.1 Maven依赖2.1.2 配置文件2.1.3 启动类2.2 EurekaClient端2.2.1 Maven2.2.2 配置文件2.2.3 启动类2.3 服务发现2.3.1 Maven2.3.2 配置文件2.3.3 启动类2.2.4 接口2.2.5 工具类2.4 Eureka 常用配置解析3. 效果展示3.1 启动EurekaServer端3.2 启动Eur
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