C++网络编程（3）

**重点内容**EPOLLONESHOT模式

即使我们使用ET模式，一个socket上的某个事件还是可能被触发多次。这在并发程序中就会引起一个问题。比如一个线程（或进程，下同）在读取完某个socket上的数据后开始处理这些数据，而在数据的处理过程中该socket上又有新数据可读（EPOLLIN再次被触发），此时另外一个线程被唤醒来读取这些新的数据。于是就出现了两个线程同时操作一个socket的局面。这当然不是我们期望的。我们期望的是一个socket连接在任一时刻都只被一个线程处理。这一点可以使用epoll的EPOLLONESHOT事件实现。

对于注册EPOLLONESHOT事件的文件描述符，操作系统最多触发其上注册的一个可读、可写或者异常事件。这样，当一个线程在处理某个socket时，其他线程是不可能有机会操作该socket的。但反过来思考，注册了EPOLLONESHOT事件的socket一旦被某个线程处理完毕，该线程就应该立即重置这个socket上的EPOLLONESHOT事件，以确保这个socket下次一次可读时，其EPOLLIN事件能被触发，进而让其他工作线程有机会继续处理这个socket。

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#define MAX_EVENT_NUMBER 1024
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024

struct fds
{
   int epollfd;
   int sockfd;
};

int setnonblocking( int fd )
{
    int old_option = fcntl( fd, F_GETFL );
    int new_option = old_option | O_NONBLOCK;
    fcntl( fd, F_SETFL, new_option );
    return old_option;
}

void addfd( int epollfd, int fd, bool oneshot )
{
    epoll_event event;
    event.data.fd = fd;
    event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
    if( oneshot ) //只监听一次事件，当监听完这次事件之后，如果还需要继续监听这个socket的话，需要再次把这个socket加入到EPOLL队列里
    {
        event.events |= EPOLLONESHOT;
    }
    epoll_ctl( epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &event );
    setnonblocking( fd );
}

void reset_oneshot( int epollfd, int fd )
{
    epoll_event event;
    event.data.fd = fd;
    event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET | EPOLLONESHOT;
    epoll_ctl( epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, fd, &event ); //将fd重新添加到epoll队列中
}

void* worker( void* arg )
{
    int sockfd = ( (fds*)arg )->sockfd;
    int epollfd = ( (fds*)arg )->epollfd;
    printf( "start new thread to receive data on fd: %d\n", sockfd );
    char buf[ BUFFER_SIZE ];
    memset( buf, '\0', BUFFER_SIZE );

    while( 1 )
    {
        int ret = recv( sockfd, buf, BUFFER_SIZE-1, 0 );
        if( ret == 0 )
        {
            close( sockfd );
            printf( "foreiner closed the connection\n" );
            break;
        }
        else if( ret < 0 )
        {
            if( errno == EAGAIN )
            {
                reset_oneshot( epollfd, sockfd ); //将事件重新添加到epoll监听列表中
                printf( "read later\n" );
                break;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            printf( "get content: %s\n", buf ); //添加线程执行计划
            sleep( 5 );
        }
    }
    printf( "end thread receiving data on fd: %d\n", sockfd );
}

int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
    if( argc <= 2 )
    {
        printf( "usage: %s ip_address port_number\n", basename( argv[0] ) );
        return 1;
    }
    const char* ip = argv[1];
    int port = atoi( argv[2] );

    int ret = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    bzero( &address, sizeof( address ) );
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    inet_pton( AF_INET, ip, &address.sin_addr );
    address.sin_port = htons( port );

    int listenfd = socket( PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 );
    assert( listenfd >= 0 );

    ret = bind( listenfd, ( struct sockaddr* )&address, sizeof( address ) );
    assert( ret != -1 );

    ret = listen( listenfd, 5 );
    assert( ret != -1 );

    epoll_event events[ MAX_EVENT_NUMBER ];
    int epollfd = epoll_create( 5 );
    assert( epollfd != -1 );
    addfd( epollfd, listenfd, false );

    while( 1 )
    {
        int ret = epoll_wait( epollfd, events, MAX_EVENT_NUMBER, -1 );
        if ( ret < 0 )
        {
            printf( "epoll failure\n" );
            break;
        }

        for ( int i = 0; i < ret; i++ )
        {
            int sockfd = events[i].data.fd;
            if ( sockfd == listenfd )
            {
                struct sockaddr_in client_address;
                socklen_t client_addrlength = sizeof( client_address );
                int connfd = accept( listenfd, ( struct sockaddr* )&client_address, &client_addrlength );
                addfd( epollfd, connfd, true );
            }
            else if ( events[i].events & EPOLLIN )
            {
                pthread_t thread;
                fds fds_for_new_worker;
                fds_for_new_worker.epollfd = epollfd;
                fds_for_new_worker.sockfd = sockfd;
                pthread_create( &thread, NULL, worker, ( void* )&fds_for_new_worker );
            }
            else
            {
                printf( "something else happened \n" );
            }
        }
    }

    close( listenfd );
    return 0;
}