luogu P1440 求m区间内的最小值 滑动窗口的最小值 单调队列或优先级队列

题目描述

一个含有 nnn 项的数列,求出每一项前的 mmm 个数到它这个区间内的最小值。若前面的数不足 mmm 项则从第 111 个数开始,若前面没有数则输出 000。
输入格式

第一行两个整数,分别表示 nnn,mmm。

第二行,nnn 个正整数,为所给定的数列 aia_iai​。
输出格式

nnn 行,每行一个整数,第 iii 个数为序列中 aia_iai​ 之前 mmm 个数的最小值。
输入输出样例
输入 #1

6 2
7 8 1 4 3 2

输出 #1

0
7
7
1
1
3 

说明/提示

对于 100%100%100% 的数据,保证 1≤m≤n≤2×1061\le m\le n\le2\times10^61≤m≤n≤2×106,1≤ai≤3×1071\le a_i\le3\times10^71≤ai​≤3×107。


题意:求滑动窗口的里的最小值
解法一 : 单调队列 O(N)

用双端队列deque模拟窗口

  1. deque里存储结构体{下标,值}
  2. 先把所有队尾back比当前值a[i]大的全部弹出,while(back > a[i]) deque.pop_back()
  3. a[i]入队列,deque.push_back(a[i])
  4. 如果队头的下标front_id不在窗口区间[i-m, i]内就弹出队头

洛谷大佬@lcglcg的题解:https://www.luogu.com.cn/blog/lcglcg/solution-p1440

signed main() {
#ifdef debug
	freopen("test.txt", "r", stdin);
	clock_t stime = clock();
#endif
	scanf("%d %d ", &n, &m);
	for(int i=1; i<=n; i++) scanf("%d ", a+i);

	deque<pair<int,int> > q; //deque模拟窗口
	printf("0\n");
	for(int i=1; i<n; i++) {
		//先把队尾大于a[i]的弹出干净
		while(!q.empty() && q.back().second>a[i]) q.pop_back();
		q.push_back({i, a[i]}); //压入队尾
		//再把队头所有不在区间 [i-m, i] 内的弹出干净
		while(!q.empty() && q.front().first+m<=i) q.pop_front();
		printf("%d\n", q.front().second);
	}



#ifdef debug
	clock_t etime = clock();
	printf("rum time: %lf 秒\n",(double) (etime-stime)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
#endif 
	return 0;
}

解法二:小根堆优化 O(N log N)

priority_queue模拟窗口,

  1. 里存储结构体{下标,值}
  2. 压入值后,把所有不在窗口区间[i-m, i]内的堆顶弹出
signed main() {
#ifdef debug
	freopen("test.txt", "r", stdin);
	clock_t stime = clock();
#endif
	scanf("%d %d ", &n, &m);
#if 1
	for(int i=1; i<=n; i++) scanf("%d ", a+i);
	// show(n, m);
	// forarr(a, 1, n);
	#define PII (pair<int,int>)
	priority_queue<pair<int,int>, vector<pair<int,int>>, greater<pair<int,int> > > q;
	printf("0\n");
	for(int i=1; i<n; i++) {
		#define fstid (q.front().first)
		#define fstval (q.front().second)
		#define topval (q.top().first)
		#define topid (q.top().second)
		q.push({a[i], i});
		while(topid <= i-m) q.pop();
		printf("%d\n", topval);
	}
#endif



#ifdef debug
	clock_t etime = clock();
	printf("rum time: %lf 秒\n",(double) (etime-stime)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
#endif 
	return 0;
}



用java完美MLE






import java.io.*;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.*;

public class Main {
    public static final boolean debug = true;
    public static String INPATH = "C:\\Users\\majiao\\Desktop\\test.txt",
            OUTPATH = "C:\\Users\\majiao\\Desktop\\out.txt";
    public static StreamTokenizer tok;
    public static BufferedReader cin;
    public static PrintWriter cout;

    public static long start_time = 0, out_time = 0;
    public static int n, m, K, Q, MAXN = (int)16, INF = 0x3f3f3f3f,
            pre[] = new int[MAXN], sum[] = new int[MAXN], POS = 50000;
    public static byte buf[] = new byte[MAXN];

    public static int fa(int x) { return pre[x]==x ? x : (pre[x]=fa(pre[x])); }

    public static void union_xy(int x, int y) {
        x = fa(x); y = fa(y);
        if(x != y) {
            sum[x] += sum[y];
            pre[y] = x;
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        main_init();
        if(debug) { start_time = System.currentTimeMillis(); }
        if(false) { System.setOut(new PrintStream(OUTPATH)); }

        n = read_int(); m = read_int();
        cout.printf("0\n");
        int x;
        PriorityQueue<Pair> q = new PriorityQueue<>();
        for(int i=1; i<n; i++) {
            x = read_int();
            Pair now = new Pair(i, x);
            q.add(now);
            Pair top = null;
            while(q.peek().fst+m <= i) q.poll();
            cout.printf("%d\n", q.peek().sec);
        }










        if(debug) {
            out_time = System.currentTimeMillis();
            cout.printf("run time : %d ms\n", out_time-start_time);
        }
        cout.flush();
    }

    public static void show(List<Object> list, Object... obj) {
        cout.printf("%s : ", obj.length>0 ? obj[0] : "");
        for(Object x : list) {
            cout.printf("[%s] ", x);
        }
        cout.printf("\n");
    }

    public static void show(Map<Object, Object> mp, Object... obj) {
        cout.printf("%s : ", obj.length>0 ? obj[0] : "");
        Set<Map.Entry<Object, Object>> entries = mp.entrySet();
        for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> en : entries) {
            cout.printf("[%s,%s] ", en.getKey(), en.getValue());
        }
        cout.printf("\n");
    }

    public static<T> void forarr(T arr[], int ...args) {
        int lef = 0, rig = arr.length - 1;
        if(args.length > 0) { lef = args[0]; rig = args[1]; }
        cout.printf(" : ");
        for( ; lef<=rig; lef++) {
            cout.printf("[%s] ", args[lef]);
        }
        cout.printf("\n");
    }

    public static void main_init() {
        try {
            if (debug) {
                cin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                        new FileInputStream(INPATH)));
            } else {
                cin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            }
            cout = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
//            cout = new PrintWriter(OUTPATH);
            tok = new StreamTokenizer(cin);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static String next_str() {
        try {
            tok.nextToken();
            if (tok.ttype == StreamTokenizer.TT_EOF)
                return null;
            else if (tok.ttype == StreamTokenizer.TT_NUMBER) {
                return String.valueOf((int)tok.nval);
            } else if (tok.ttype == StreamTokenizer.TT_WORD) {
                return tok.sval;
            } else return null;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static int read_int() {
        String tmp_next_str = next_str();
        return null==tmp_next_str ? -1 : Integer.parseInt(tmp_next_str);
    }
    public static long read_long() { return Long.parseLong(next_str()); }
    public static double read_double() { return Double.parseDouble(next_str()); }
    public static BigInteger read_big() { return new BigInteger(next_str()); }
    public static BigDecimal read_dec() { return new BigDecimal(next_str()); }


    static class Edge implements Comparable<Edge> {
        int u, v, w;
        @Override
        public int compareTo(Edge o) { return w - o.w; }
    }
    static Edge a[] = new Edge[MAXN];

    static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair>{
        int fst, sec;
        public Pair() { }
        public Pair(int fst, int sec) {
            this.fst = fst;
            this.sec = sec;
        }
        @Override
        public int compareTo(Pair o) {
//            return fst - o.fst == 0 ? sec - o.sec : fst - o.fst;
            return sec - o.sec;
        }
    }
}






import java.io.*;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.*;

public class Main {
    public static final boolean debug = true;
    public static String INPATH = "C:\\Users\\majiao\\Desktop\\test.txt",
            OUTPATH = "C:\\Users\\majiao\\Desktop\\out.txt";
    public static StreamTokenizer tok;
    public static BufferedReader cin;
    public static PrintWriter cout;

    public static long start_time = 0, out_time = 0;
    public static int n, m, K, Q, MAXN = (int)16, INF = 0x3f3f3f3f,
            pre[] = new int[MAXN], sum[] = new int[MAXN], POS = 50000;
    public static byte buf[] = new byte[MAXN];

    public static int fa(int x) { return pre[x]==x ? x : (pre[x]=fa(pre[x])); }

    public static void union_xy(int x, int y) {
        x = fa(x); y = fa(y);
        if(x != y) {
            sum[x] += sum[y];
            pre[y] = x;
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        main_init();
        if(debug) { start_time = System.currentTimeMillis(); }
        if(false) { System.setOut(new PrintStream(OUTPATH)); }

        n = read_int(); m = read_int();
        cout.printf("0\n");
        int x;
        Deque<Pair> q = new LinkedList<>();
        for(int i=1; i<n; i++) {
            x = read_int();
            while(!q.isEmpty() && q.peekLast().sec > x) q.pollLast();
            q.addLast(new Pair(i, x));
            if(q.peekFirst().fst+m <= i) q.pollFirst();
            cout.printf("%d\n", q.peek().sec);
        }










        if(debug) {
            out_time = System.currentTimeMillis();
            cout.printf("run time : %d ms\n", out_time-start_time);
        }
        cout.flush();
    }

    public static void show(List<Object> list, Object... obj) {
        cout.printf("%s : ", obj.length>0 ? obj[0] : "");
        for(Object x : list) {
            cout.printf("[%s] ", x);
        }
        cout.printf("\n");
    }

    public static void show(Map<Object, Object> mp, Object... obj) {
        cout.printf("%s : ", obj.length>0 ? obj[0] : "");
        Set<Map.Entry<Object, Object>> entries = mp.entrySet();
        for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> en : entries) {
            cout.printf("[%s,%s] ", en.getKey(), en.getValue());
        }
        cout.printf("\n");
    }

    public static<T> void forarr(T arr[], int ...args) {
        int lef = 0, rig = arr.length - 1;
        if(args.length > 0) { lef = args[0]; rig = args[1]; }
        cout.printf(" : ");
        for( ; lef<=rig; lef++) {
            cout.printf("[%s] ", args[lef]);
        }
        cout.printf("\n");
    }

    public static void main_init() {
        try {
            if (debug) {
                cin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                        new FileInputStream(INPATH)));
            } else {
                cin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            }
            cout = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
//            cout = new PrintWriter(OUTPATH);
            tok = new StreamTokenizer(cin);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static String next_str() {
        try {
            tok.nextToken();
            if (tok.ttype == StreamTokenizer.TT_EOF)
                return null;
            else if (tok.ttype == StreamTokenizer.TT_NUMBER) {
                return String.valueOf((int)tok.nval);
            } else if (tok.ttype == StreamTokenizer.TT_WORD) {
                return tok.sval;
            } else return null;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static int read_int() {
        String tmp_next_str = next_str();
        return null==tmp_next_str ? -1 : Integer.parseInt(tmp_next_str);
    }
    public static long read_long() { return Long.parseLong(next_str()); }
    public static double read_double() { return Double.parseDouble(next_str()); }
    public static BigInteger read_big() { return new BigInteger(next_str()); }
    public static BigDecimal read_dec() { return new BigDecimal(next_str()); }


    static class Edge implements Comparable<Edge> {
        int u, v, w;
        @Override
        public int compareTo(Edge o) { return w - o.w; }
    }
    static Edge a[] = new Edge[MAXN];

    static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair>{
        int fst, sec;
        public Pair() { }
        public Pair(int fst, int sec) {
            this.fst = fst;
            this.sec = sec;
        }
        @Override
        public int compareTo(Pair o) {
//            return fst - o.fst == 0 ? sec - o.sec : fst - o.fst;
            return sec - o.sec;
        }
    }
}

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