Spring @Value注解解析源码

前言

我们使用spring最常用的属性注入方式就是@Value，而要注入的属性我们一般都配置在配置文件application.properties中，上文讲解了配置文件application.properties加载到spring环境变量environment的过程

这一篇就来讲解一下spring是如何把environment中的属性值使用@Value注入到字段中的

源码解析

从springboot启动类开始

public static void main(String[] args) {
   
   
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }

public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?> primarySource, String... args) {
   
   
		return run(new Class<?>[] {
   
    primarySource }, args);
	}

public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?>[] primarySources, String[] args) {
   
   
		return new SpringApplication(primarySources).run(args);
	}

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
   
   
		StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
		stopWatch.start();
		ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
		Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
		configureHeadlessProperty();
		SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
		listeners.starting();
		try {
   
   
			ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
			ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
			configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
			Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
			context = createApplicationContext();
			exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
					new Class[] {
   
    ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
			prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
			// 核心
			refreshContext(context);
			afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
			stopWatch.stop();
			if (this.logStartupInfo) {
   
   
				new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
			}
			listeners.started(context);
			callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
   
   
			handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
			throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
		}

		try {
   
   
			listeners.running(context);
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
   
   
			handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
			throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
		}
		return context;
	}

看refreshContext方法，是初始化上下文的

private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
   
   
		if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
   
   
			try {
   
   
				context.registerShutdownHook();
			}
			catch (AccessControlException ex) {
   
   
				// Not allowed in some environments.
			}
		}
		// 核心
		refresh((ApplicationContext) context);
	}

继续refresh

@Deprecated
	protected void refresh(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
   
   
		Assert.isInstanceOf(ConfigurableApplicationContext.class, applicationContext);
		refresh((ConfigurableApplicationContext) applicationContext);
	}

protected void refresh(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) {
   
   
		applicationContext.refresh();
	}

继续，这里根据环境默认会进入servlet相关的上下文类ServletWebServerApplicationContext

@Override
	public final void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
   
   
		try {
   
   
			super.refresh();
		}
		catch (RuntimeException ex) {
   
   
			WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
			if (webServer != null) {
   
   
				webServer.stop();
			}
			throw ex;
		}
	}

进入AbstractApplicationContext的refresh

@Override
	public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
   
   
		synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
   
   
			// Prepare this context for refreshing.
			prepareRefresh();

			// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
			ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

			// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
			prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

			try {
   
   
				// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
				postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

				// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
				invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
				registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// Initialize message source for this context.
				initMessageSource();

				// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
				initApplicationEventMulticaster();

				// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
				onRefresh();

				// Check for listener beans and register them.
				registerListeners();

				// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
				// 核心1
				finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

				// Last step: publish corresponding event.
				finishRefresh();
			}

			catch (BeansException ex) {
   
   
				if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
   
   
					logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
							"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
				}

				// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
				destroyBeans();

				// Reset 'active' flag.
				cancelRefresh(ex);

				// Propagate exception to caller.
				throw ex;
			}

			finally {
   
   
				// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
				// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
				resetCommonCaches();
			}
		}
	}

这个方法很长，属于spring的一个关键方法，既然是要解析@Value注解，那么首先肯定要初始化实例bean才行，核心1的finishBeanFactoryInitialization就是和实例化有关的

protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
   
   
		// Initialize conversion service for this context.
		if (beanFactory.containsBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME) &&
				beanFactory.isTypeMatch(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)) {
   
   
			beanFactory.setConversionService(
					beanFactory.getBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class));
		}

		// Register a default embedded value resolver if no bean post-processor
		// (such as a PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer bean) registered any before:
		// at this point, primarily for resolution in annotation attribute values.
		if (!beanFactory.hasEmbeddedValueResolver()) {
   
   
			beanFactory.addEmbeddedValueResolver(strVal -> getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(strVal));
		}

		// Initialize LoadTimeWeaverAware beans early to allow for registering their transformers early.
		String[] weaverAwareNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(LoadTimeWeaverAware.class, false, false);
		for (String weaverAwareName : weaverAwareNames) {
   
   
			getBean(weaverAwareName);
		}

		// Stop using the temporary ClassLoader for type matching.
		beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(null);

		// Allow for caching all bean definition metadata, not expecting further changes.
		beanFactory.freezeConfiguration();

		// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
		// 核心1
		beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();
	}

核心1处看注释和方法名，看上去像是预处理单例bean的

@Override
	public void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException {
   
   
		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
   
   
			logger.trace("Pre-instantiating singletons in " + this);
		}

		// Iterate over a copy to allow for init methods which in turn register new bean definitions.
		// While this may not be part of the regular factory bootstrap, it does otherwise work fine.
		List<String> beanNames = new ArrayList<>(this.beanDefinitionNames);

		// Trigger initialization of all non-lazy singleton beans...
		// 核心1
		for (String beanName : beanNames) {
   
   
			RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
			if (!bd.isAbstract() && bd.isSingleton() && !bd.isLazyInit()) {
   
   
				if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) {
   
   
					Object bean = getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName);
					if (bean instanceof FactoryBean) {
   
   
						FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) bean;
						boolean isEagerInit;
						if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) {
   
   
							isEagerInit = AccessController.