共享内存的相关知识

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-08 14:35:40 发布

沈二月

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-08 14:35:40 发布

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分类专栏： Linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_31108501/article/details/52928397

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共享内存实现分为两个步骤:
1、创建共享、打开共享内存，使用shmget函数
2、映射共享内存，将这段创建的共享内存映射到具体的进程空间去，使用shmat函数
3. 分离共享内存
4. 控制、删除共享内存
共享内存的函数实现
共同头文件

<code class="hljs vala has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <sys/ipc.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <sys/shm.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <sys/types.h></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; opacity: 0.126169; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

1.shmget
函数作用：在内核创建共享内存
函数原型:int shmget ( key_t key, int size, int shmflg )
函数的参数：key：标识共享内存的键值:O_IPC_PRIVATE

当key的取值为IPC_PRIVATE，则函数shmget()将创建一块新的共享内存；如果key的取值为0，而参数shmflg中又设置IPC_PRIVATE这个标志，则同样会创建一块新的共享内存。

返回值：如果成功，返回共享内存标识符；如果失败，返回-1
2.shmat
函数作用：映射共享内存，映射到各自的内存空间
函数原型：char * shmat ( int shmid, char *shmaddr, int flag)
参数：shmid：shmget函数返回的共享存储标识符
flag：决定以什么方式来确定映射的地址（通常为0）
返回值：如果成功，则返回共享内存映射到进程中的地址；如果失败，则返回- 1
3.shmdt
函数作用：撤消共享内存的映射
函数原型： int shmdt ( char *shmaddr )
函数参数：shmaddr：被映射的共享内存段地址
返回值：成功：0，出错：-1

程序实例
用共享内存来执行一方的收，和一方的发
读：

<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <unistd.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stdlib.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stdio.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <string.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <sys/types.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <sys/ipc.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <sys/shm.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include "shm_com.h"</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> main(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span>)
{
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> running=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> *shared_memory=(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> *)<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> shared_use_st *shared_stuff;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> shmid;


    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*创建共享内存*/</span>
    shmid=shmget((key_t)<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1234</span>,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> shared_use_st),<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0666</span>|IPC_CREAT);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(shmid==-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)
    {
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">fprintf</span>(stderr,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"shmget failed\n"</span>);
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">exit</span>(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*映射共享内存*/</span>
    shared_memory=shmat(shmid,(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> *)<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(shared_memory==(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> *)-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)
    {
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">fprintf</span>(stderr,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"shmat failed\n"</span>);
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">exit</span>(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Memory attached at %X\n"</span>,(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>)shared_memory);

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*让结构体指针指向这块共享内存*/</span>
    shared_stuff=(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> shared_use_st *)shared_memory;

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*控制读写顺序*/</span>
    shared_stuff->written_by_you=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*循环的从共享内存中读数据，直到读到“end”为止*/</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span>(running)
    {
       <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(shared_stuff->written_by_you)
       {
           <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"You wrote:%s"</span>,shared_stuff->some_text);
           sleep(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//读进程睡一秒，同时会导致写进程睡一秒，这样做到读了之后再写</span>
           shared_stuff->written_by_you=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
           <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">strncmp</span>(shared_stuff->some_text,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"end"</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>)==<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)
           {
               running=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//结束循环</span>
           }
       }
    }

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*删除共享内存*/</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(shmdt(shared_memory)==-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)
    {
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">fprintf</span>(stderr,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"shmdt failed\n"</span>);
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">exit</span>(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
       <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">exit</span>(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; opacity: 0.126169; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; 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padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; 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padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li></ul>

写：

<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <unistd.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stdlib.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stdio.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <string.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <sys/types.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <sys/ipc.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <sys/shm.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include "shm_com.h"</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> main(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span>)
{
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> running=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> *shared_memory=(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> *)<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> shared_use_st *shared_stuff;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">char</span> buffer[BUFSIZ];
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> shmid;

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*创建共享内存*/</span>
    shmid=shmget((key_t)<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1234</span>,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> shared_use_st),<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0666</span>|IPC_CREAT);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(shmid==-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)
    {
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">fprintf</span>(stderr,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"shmget failed\n"</span>);
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">exit</span>(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*映射共享内存*/</span>
    shared_memory=shmat(shmid,(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> *)<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(shared_memory==(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> *)-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)
    {
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">fprintf</span>(stderr,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"shmat failed\n"</span>);
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">exit</span>(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Memory attached at %X\n"</span>,(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>)shared_memory);

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*让结构体指针指向这块共享内存*/</span>
    shared_stuff=(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">struct</span> shared_use_st *)shared_memory;

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*循环的向共享内存中写数据，直到写入的为“end”为止*/</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span>(running)
    {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span>(shared_stuff->written_by_you==<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)
        {
            sleep(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//等到读进程读完之后再写</span>
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"waiting for client...\n"</span>);
        }
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Ener some text:"</span>);
        fgets(buffer,BUFSIZ,stdin);
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">strncpy</span>(shared_stuff->some_text,buffer,TEXT_SZ);
        shared_stuff->written_by_you=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">strncmp</span>(buffer,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"end"</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>)==<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)
        {
            running=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//结束循环</span>
        }
    }

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*删除共享内存*/</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(shmdt(shared_memory)==-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)
    {
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">fprintf</span>(stderr,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"shmdt failed\n"</span>);
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">exit</span>(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">exit</span>(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}</code>

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共享内存的相关知识

共享内存实现分为两个步骤: 1、创建共享、打开共享内存，使用shmget函数 2、映射共享内存，将这段创建的共享内存映射到具体的进程空间去，使用shmat函数 3. 分离共享内存 4. 控制、删除共享内存共享内存的函数实现共同头文件#include #include #include 1231231.shmget 函数作用：在内核创建共享内存函
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