一、AsyncTask的介绍
Android的AsyncTask比Handler更轻量级一些，适用于简单的异步处理。
Android之所以有AsyncTask和Handler都是为了不阻塞主线程，且UI的更新只能在主线程中完成，因此异步处理是必不可少的。Android为了减少这个开发难度，提供了AsyncTask。AsyncTask就是一个封装过的后台任务类。
AsyncTask直接继承于Object类，位置为android.os.AsyncTask。要使用AsyncTask我们要提供三个泛型参数，并重载几个方法（至少一个）。
AsyncTask定义了三种泛型类参数：Params，Progress和Result。
Params 启动任务执行的输入的参数，如HTTP请求的URL。
Progress 后台执行任务的百分比。如进度加载
Resu 后台任务执行最终返回的结果。
AsyncTask的几个方法的详解：
doInBackground(Params... params)后台执行，比较耗时的操作都可以放在这个方法里面。注意这里不能直接操作UI。在执行过程中可以调用onProgressUpdate(Progress... values)方法来更新任务的进度。
onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) 相当于Handler处理UI的方式。在这里可以使用在doInBackground()得到的结果处理UI。此方法在主线程执行
onPostExecute(String result)后台执行，在这里处理doInBackground()方法执行完后返回的结果，在这里也可以对UI控件进行更新。
二、AsyncTask的使用
如下实例1：模仿下载进度
Java代码：
public class MyAsnycTaskActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
private Button mStartBtn;
private SeekBar mProgressSeekBar;
private TextView mCurrentProgressTxt;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_asnyctask_layout);
mStartBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.asnyctask_start_btn);
mProgressSeekBar = (SeekBar) findViewById(R.id.asnyctask_progress_sekbar);
mCurrentProgressTxt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.asnyctask_current_progress_txt);
mStartBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.asnyctask_start_btn:
MyAsnycTask asnycTask = new MyAsnycTask();
asnycTask.execute();
break;
default:
break;
}
}<pre name="code" class="java"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>/**
<span> </span> * AsyncTask<String, Integer, String>
<span> </span> * Params 第一个参数: 传入异步任务中的数据类型
<span> </span> * Progress 第二个参数: 异步任务执行过程中发送数据类型
<span> </span> * Result 第三个参数: 异步任务执行完成后返回数据类型
<span> </span> *
<span> </span> * 注:如果类型为 Void 表示没有参数
<span> </span> */ public class MyAsnycTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Integer, String>{
<span style="white-space:pre"> /**
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> * 执行异步任务前调用方法
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> */
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>@Override
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>protected void onPreExecute() {
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>super.onPreExecute();
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Logs.v("onPreExecute >>>>>> ");
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>}</span><span style="white-space:pre"> /**
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> * 后台（子线程）执行异步任务
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> */</span>
@Override
protected String doInBackground(Void... params) {
for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
publishProgress(i);
mProgressSeekBar.setProgress(i);
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
String result = "加载完成";
return result;
}
/**
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> * 异步任务执行过程中调用方法.
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> * 必须在doInBackground方法中调用publishProgress()方法发送消息
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> */
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
super.onProgressUpdate(values);
int progress = values[0];
mCurrentProgressTxt.setText(""+progress);
}
/**
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> * 异步任务执行完成后调用方法
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> */
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
super.onPostExecute(result);
Toast.makeText(MyAsnycTaskActivity.this, result, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
mCurrentProgressTxt.setText(result);
}
}
}运行效果如图：
实例应用2：网络下载图片
Java代码：
public class LoadPictureActivity extends Activity {
private ImageView mPictureImg;
private Button mDownLoadBtn;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.async_load_picture_layout);
mPictureImg = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.async_picture_img);
mDownLoadBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.async_load_picture_btn);
mDownLoadBtn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String httpUrl = "http://img2.imgtn.bdimg.com/it/u=94536769,318259447&fm=23&gp=0.jpg";
// MyAsyncTask sycn = new MyAsyncTask();
// sycn.execute(httpUrl);
new AsyncTask<String, Void, Bitmap>(){
@Override
protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {
return downLoadPicture(params[0]);
}
protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap result) {
mPictureImg.setImageBitmap(result);
}
}.execute(httpUrl);
}
});
}
/**
* 网络下载图片
* @param url: http://xxx.png
*/
public Bitmap downLoadPicture(String httpUrl){
try {
URL url = new URL(httpUrl);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
return bitmap;
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
public class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, Bitmap>{
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap result) {
super.onPostExecute(result);
Bitmap bitmap = result;
mPictureImg.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
}
@Override
protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {
String url = params[0];
Bitmap bitmap = downLoadPicture(url);
return bitmap;
}
}
}实例应用3：GridView AsyncTask异步任务取网络图片
Java代码：
public class GridViewAsyncTaskActivity extends Activity {
private GridView mGridView;
private String[] imageThumbUrls = new String[] {
"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383291_6518.jpg",
"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383291_8239.jpg",
"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383290_9329.jpg",
"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383290_1042.jpg",
"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383275_3977.jpg",
"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383265_8550.jpg",
"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383264_3954.jpg",
"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383264_4787.jpg",
};
private GridViewAdapter mAdapter;
private Executor mExecutor;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.asyn_grid_layout);
mGridView = (GridView) findViewById(R.id.async_gridview);
mAdapter = new GridViewAdapter(this);
mGridView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
/**按顺序<span style="color:#ff0000;">10/150/10</span>分别为：当前同时运行线程的个数；最多运行线程的个数；
*线程请求超时
*/
<span style="color:#ff0000;">mExecutor</span> = new ThreadPoolExecutor(<span style="color:#ff0000;">10, 150, 10,</span>TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}
/**
* 通过在异步任务中循环加载图片，不断刷新适配器实现
* 不提倡，原因:
* 1.重复刷新适配器执行getView方法
* 2.不能实现图片同步加载,相当于当线程执行.
*/
public void loadPictureByPublishProgress(){
new AsyncTask<String, Bitmap, Void>() {
@Override
protected Void doInBackground(String... params) {
for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
Bitmap bm = downLoadPicture(params[i]);
publishProgress(bm);
}
return null;
}
protected void onProgressUpdate(Bitmap... values) {
// mAdapter.addDate(values[0]);
}
}.execute(imageThumbUrls);
}
public class MyGridViewAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
private ArrayList<Bitmap> list = new ArrayList<Bitmap>();
private LayoutInflater infalter;
public void addDate(Bitmap bm) {
list.add(bm);
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
public MyGridViewAdapter(Context context) {
infalter = LayoutInflater.from(context);
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return list.size();
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return list.get(position);
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
final ImageView imageview;
if (convertView == null) {
convertView = infalter.inflate(R.layout.async_gridview_item_layout, null);
imageview = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.async_item_img);
convertView.setTag(imageview);
} else {
imageview = (ImageView) convertView.getTag();
}
Bitmap bitmap = (Bitmap) getItem(position);
imageview.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
return convertView;
}
}
public class GridViewAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
private LayoutInflater infalter;
public GridViewAdapter(Context context) {
infalter = LayoutInflater.from(context);
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return imageThumbUrls.length;
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return imageThumbUrls[position];
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
final ImageView imageview;
if (convertView == null) {
convertView = infalter.inflate(
R.layout.async_gridview_item_layout, null);
imageview = (ImageView) convertView
.findViewById(R.id.async_item_img);
convertView.setTag(imageview);
} else {
imageview = (ImageView) convertView.getTag();
}
String httpUrl = (String) getItem(position);
new AsyncTask<String, Void, Bitmap>() {
@Override
protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {
return downLoadPicture(params[0]);
}
protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap result) {
if (result != null) {
imageview.setImageBitmap(result);
}
}
}.execute(httpUrl); //单任务一个一个执行
// }.executeOnExecutor(<span style="color:#ff0000;">mExecutor</span>,httpUrl); //多任务同时执行
return convertView;
}
}
/**
* 网络下载图片
*
* @param url
*/
public Bitmap downLoadPicture(String httpUrl) {
try {
URL url = new URL(httpUrl);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
return bitmap;
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
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