各个类型和Json类型的相互转换

ObjectMapper类(com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper)是Jackson的主要类，它可以帮助我们快速的进行各个类型和Json类型的相互转换。

对应maven：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
     <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
     <version>2.12.2</version>
     <scope>runtime</scope>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
     <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
     <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
     <version>2.12.2</version>
     <scope>runtime</scope>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
     <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
     <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
     <version>2.12.2</version>
     <scope>runtime</scope>
 </dependency>

1、ObjectMapper的常用配置

private static final ObjectMapper mapper;
 
public static ObjectMapper getObjectMapper(){
    return this.mapper;
}
 
static{
    //创建ObjectMapper对象
    mapper = new ObjectMapper()
 
    //configure方法 配置一些需要的参数
    // 转换为格式化的json 显示出来的格式美化
    mapper.enable(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT);
 
   //序列化的时候序列对象的那些属性  
   //JsonInclude.Include.NON_DEFAULT 属性为默认值不序列化 
   //JsonInclude.Include.ALWAYS      所有属性
   //JsonInclude.Include.NON_EMPTY   属性为 空（“”） 或者为 NULL 都不序列化 
   //JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL    属性为NULL 不序列化
   mapper.setSerializationInclusion(JsonInclude.Include.ALWAYS);  
 
   
    //反序列化时,遇到未知属性会不会报错 
    //true - 遇到没有的属性就报错 false - 没有的属性不会管，不会报错
    mapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
 
    //如果是空对象的时候,不抛异常  
    mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS, false);  
 
    // 忽略 transient 修饰的属性
    mapper.configure(MapperFeature.PROPAGATE_TRANSIENT_MARKER, true);
 
    //修改序列化后日期格式
    mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);  
    mapper.setDateFormat(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
 
   //处理不同的时区偏移格式
   mapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS);
   mapper.regi sterModule(new JavaTimeModule());
 
}

2、ObjectMapper的常用方法

1）json字符串转对象

ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String jsonString = "{\"name\":\"Hyl\", \"age\":20}";
 
//将字符串转换为对象
Student student = mapper.readValue(jsonString, Student.class);
System.out.println(student);
 
//将对象转换为json字符串
jsonString = mapper.writeValueAsString(student);
System.out.println(jsonString);
 

结果：

Student [ name: Hyl, age: 20 ]
 
{
  "name" : "Hyl",
  "age" : 20
}

2）数组和对象之间转换

//对象转为byte数组
byte[] byteArr = mapper.writeValueAsBytes(student);
System.out.println(byteArr);
 
 
//byte数组转为对象
Student student= mapper.readValue(byteArr, Student.class);
System.out.println(student);
 

结果：

[B@3327bd23
 
Student [ name: Hyl, age: 20 ]

3）集合和json字符串之间转换

List<Student> studentList= new ArrayList<>();
studentList.add(new Student("hyl1" ,20 , new Date()));
studentList.add(new Student("hyl2" ,21 , new Date()));
studentList.add(new Student("hyl3" ,22 , new Date()));
studentList.add(new Student("hyl4" ,23 , new Date()));
 
String jsonStr = mapper.writeValueAsString(studentList);
System.out.println(jsonStr);
        
List<Student> studentList2 = mapper.readValue(jsonStr, List.class);
System.out.println("字符串转集合：" + studentList2 );

结果：

[ {
  "name" : "hyl1",
  "age" : 20,
  "sendTime" : 1525164212803
}, {
  "name" : "hyl2",
  "age" : 21,
  "sendTime" : 1525164212803
}, {
  "name" : "hyl3",
  "age" : 22,
  "sendTime" : 1525164212803
}, {
  "name" : "hyl4",
  "age" : 23,
  "sendTime" : 1525164212803
} ]
[{name=hyl1, age=20, sendTime=1525164212803}, {name=hyl2, age=21, sendTime=1525164212803}, {name=hyl3, age=22, sendTime=1525164212803}, {name=hyl4, age=23, sendTime=1525164212803}]

4）map和json字符串之间转换

Map<String, Object> testMap = new HashMap<>();
testMap.put("name", "22");
testMap.put("age", 20);
testMap.put("date", new Date());
testMap.put("student", new Student("hyl", 20, new Date()));
 
 
String jsonStr = mapper.writeValueAsString(testMap);
System.out.println(jsonStr);
Map<String, Object> testMapDes = mapper.readValue(jsonStr, Map.class);
System.out.println(testMapDes);

结果：

{
  "date" : 1525164212803,
  "name" : "22",
  "student" : {
    "name" : "hyl",
    "age" : 20,
    "sendTime" : 1525164212803,
    "intList" : null
  },
  "age" : 20
}
{date=1525164212803, name=22, student={name=hyl, age=20, sendTime=1525164212803, intList=null}, age=20}

5）日期转json字符串

// 修改时间格式
mapper.setDateFormat(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
Student student = new Student ("hyl",21, new Date());
student.setIntList(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3));
 
String jsonStr = mapper.writeValueAsString(student);
System.out.println(jsonStr);
 

结果：

{
  "name" : "hyl",
  "age" : 21,
  "sendTime" : "2020-07-23 13:14:36",
  "intList" : [ 1, 2, 3 ]
}

6）readTree()方法

//此方法更灵活，可以只将用户感兴趣的Json串信息值提取出来。主要利用ObjectMapper提供的readTree和Jackson提供的JsonNode类来实现

String test="{"results":[{"objectID":357,"geoPoints":[{"x":504604.59802246094,"y":305569.9150390625}]},{"objectID":358,"geoPoints":[{"x":504602.2680053711,"y":305554.43603515625}]}]}";
 
//此Json串比较复杂，包含了嵌套数组的形式，具有通用性。
 
//2.2.2.2实现反序列化
JsonNode node= objectMapper.readTree(test);      //将Json串以树状结构读入内存
 
JsonNode contents=node.get("results");//得到results这个节点下的信息
 
for(int i=0;i<contents.size();i++)  //遍历results下的信息，size()函数可以得节点所包含的的信息的个数，类似于数组的长度
 
{
 
System.out.println(contents.get(i).get("objectID").getIntValue()); //读取节点下的某个子节点的值
 
JsonNode geoNumber=contents.get(i).get("geoPoints");
 
for(int j=0;j<geoNumber.size();j++)     //循环遍历子节点下的信息
 
{
 
System.out.println(geoNumber.get(j).get("x").getDoubleValue()+"  "+geoNumber.get(j).get("y").getDoubleValue());
 
}
 
}