自己创建一个异常

#ifndef STACK_H
#define STACK_H

#include <deque>
#include <exception>

template<class T>
class Stack
{
protected:
	std::deque<T> c;
public:
	class ReadEmptyStack : public std::exception   //exception 是标准异常，
	{
	public:
		virtual const char * what() const throw()
		{
			return "read empty stack 堆栈是空的";
		}
	};
 bool empty() const
{
	    return c.empty();
}
void push(const T& elem)
{
	   c.push_back(elem);
}
T pop()  // 抛出数据，
     {
	   if(c.empty())
	   {
		   throw ReadEmptyStack();
	   }
	   T elem(c.back());
		   c.pop_back();
	   return elem;
     }
T& top()  // 读数据，
   {
	   if(c.empty())
	   {
		   throw ReadEmptyStack();
	   }
	   return c.back();
   }
};

#endif

<pre name="code" class="cpp">#include <iostream>
#include "Stack.h"

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	try
	{
		Stack<int> s;
		s.push(4);
		s.push(7);
		cout << "pop : " << s.pop() << endl;
		cout << "top: " << s.top() << endl;
		cout << "pop: " << s.pop() << endl;
		cout << "top: " << s.top() << endl;
	}
	catch(const exception& e)
	{
		cerr << "发生异常：" << e.what() << endl;
	}
	cout << "xiao cui " << endl;

	return 0;
}