ES提供了多种编程语言的链接方式,有Java API,PHP API,.NET API
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/java-rest/7.9/java-rest-high-supported-apis.html
下面阐述ES支持的客户端链接方式:
1:REST API
可以通过浏览器请求get方法进行链接;
利用Postman等工具发起REST请求;
Java发起HttpClient请求;
2:Transport链接
通过socket链接,用官网一个的TransPort客户端,底层是netty
特别提示:
ES在7.0版本开始将废弃TransportClient,8.0版本开始将完全移除TransportClient
取而代之的是High Level REST Client。
Java High Level REST Client 为高级别的Rest客户端,基于低级别的REST客户端,增加了编组请求JSON串,解析响应JSON串等相关API,使用的版本需要和ES服务端的版本保持一致,否则会有版本问题。
首先在使用Java REST Client的时候引入maven的Jar包依赖:
<!--elasticsearch 高级操作 依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
<artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId>
<version>7.9.1</version>
</dependency>
直接上代码操作
package com.example.jsoupdome.elastic;
import com.example.jsoupdome.common.utils.JsonUtil;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchException;
import org.elasticsearch.action.ActionListener;
import org.elasticsearch.action.DocWriteResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.delete.DeleteRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.delete.DeleteResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.get.GetRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.get.GetResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.support.replication.ReplicationResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.Cancellable;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RequestOptions;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.indices.CreateIndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.client.indices.CreateIndexResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentType;
import org.elasticsearch.rest.RestStatus;
import org.elasticsearch.search.fetch.subphase.FetchSourceContext;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author zhang
* @version 1.0
* @date 2021/10/27 15:11
*/
@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class Client {
@Value("${es.url}")
private String esUrl;
private RestHighLevelClient client;
//测试使用构造
public Client(){
client = new RestHighLevelClient(
RestClient.builder(
new HttpHost("192.168.126.128", 9200, "http")));
}
// @Bean
RestHighLevelClient configRestHighLevelClient() throws Exception {
String[] esUrlArr = esUrl.split(",");
List<HttpHost> httpHosts = new ArrayList<>();
for(String es : esUrlArr){
String[] esUrlPort = es.split(":");
httpHosts.add(new HttpHost(esUrlPort[0], Integer.parseInt(esUrlPort[1]), "http"));
}
client = new RestHighLevelClient(
RestClient.builder(httpHosts.toArray(new HttpHost[0]))
);
CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest("");//创建索引
ActionListener<CreateIndexResponse> listener = new ActionListener<CreateIndexResponse>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(CreateIndexResponse createIndexResponse) {
//如果执行成功,则调用onResponse方法;
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Exception e) {
//如果失败,则调用onFailure方法。
log.error("如果失败,则调用onFailure方法。"+e);
}
};
client.indices().createAsync(request,null,listener);//要执行的CreateIndexRequest和执行完成时要使用的ActionListener
return client;
}
/**
* 新增,修改文档
* @param indexName 索引
* @param type mapping type
* @param id 文档id
* @param jsonStr 文档数据
*/
public void addData(String indexName,String type ,String id,String jsonStr) {
try {
// 1、创建索引请求 //索引 // mapping type //文档id
IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest(indexName, type, id); //文档id
// 2、准备文档数据
// 直接给JSON串
request.source(jsonStr, XContentType.JSON);
//4、发送请求
IndexResponse indexResponse = null;
try {
// 同步方式
indexResponse = client.index(request,RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
} catch (ElasticsearchException e) {
// 捕获,并处理异常
//判断是否版本冲突、create但文档已存在冲突
if (e.status() == RestStatus.CONFLICT) {
System.out.println("冲突了,请在此写冲突处理逻辑!" + e.getDetailedMessage());
}
}
//5、处理响应
if (indexResponse != null) {
String index1 = indexResponse.getIndex();
String type1 = indexResponse.getType();
String id1 = indexResponse.getId();
long version1 = indexResponse.getVersion();
if (indexResponse.getResult() == DocWriteResponse.Result.CREATED) {
System.out.println("新增文档成功!" + index1 + type1 + id1 + version1);
} else if (indexResponse.getResult() == DocWriteResponse.Result.UPDATED) {
System.out.println("修改文档成功!");
}
// 分片处理信息
ReplicationResponse.ShardInfo shardInfo = indexResponse.getShardInfo();
if (shardInfo.getTotal() != shardInfo.getSuccessful()) {
System.out.println("分片处理信息.....");
}
// 如果有分片副本失败,可以获得失败原因信息
if (shardInfo.getFailed() > 0) {
for (ReplicationResponse.ShardInfo.Failure failure : shardInfo.getFailures()) {
String reason = failure.reason();
System.out.println("副本失败原因:" + reason);
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取文档
* @param indexName 索引
* @param fields 为特定字段配置源排除
* @param id 文档id
*/
public void getData(String indexName,String fields ,String id) {
// 1、通过索引和文档id
GetRequest request = new GetRequest(indexName, id);
//2.对特定的稳当检索
request.storedFields(fields);
//4.在检索文档之前执行刷新(false默认情况下)
request.refresh(true);
/**
* 异步方法不阻塞并立即返回。一旦完成ActionListener使用 响应方法如果执行成功完成或使用onFailure方法ifit失败。
* 失败场景和预期异常与同步执行情况相同。
* */
new Client().client.getAsync(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT, new ActionListener<GetResponse>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(GetResponse getResponse) {
if (getResponse.isExists()) {
Map map = JsonUtil.fromJson(getResponse.toString(), Map.class);
log.info("111111111111");
log.info(map.toString());
} else {
log.error("找不到文档");
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Exception e) {
//如果失败,则调用onFailure方法。
log.error("执行失败"+e);
}
});
}
/**
* 获取文档
* @param indexName 索引
* @param id 文档id
*/
public void deleteDate(String indexName,String id) {
// 1、通过索引和文档id
DeleteRequest request = new DeleteRequest(
indexName,
id);
/**
* 异步方法不阻塞并立即返回。一旦完成ActionListener使用 响应方法如果执行成功完成或使用onFailure方法ifit失败。
* 失败场景和预期异常与同步执行情况相同。
* */
client.deleteAsync(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT, new ActionListener<DeleteResponse>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(DeleteResponse deleteResponse) {
log.info("删除成功");
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Exception e) {
log.info("删除失败");
}
});
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Client client = new Client();
//1.通过id获取指定文档
client.getData("content",null,"162");
//2.删除指定索引下的id
client.deleteDate("content","162");
}
}
```bash
***
## 解析json
***
```bash
public class JsonUtil {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JsonUtil.class);
private static final String DATE_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
/**
* 对象映射
*/
private static final ObjectMapper OBJECT_MAPPER = new ObjectMapper();
static {
OBJECT_MAPPER.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
OBJECT_MAPPER.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
OBJECT_MAPPER.setDateFormat(new SimpleDateFormat(DATE_FORMAT));
OBJECT_MAPPER.setSerializationInclusion(Include.NON_NULL);
}
/**
* Java对象转换为Json串
*
* @param obj Java对象
* @return Json串
*/
public static String toJson(Object obj) {
String rst;
if (obj == null || obj instanceof String) {
return (String) obj;
}
try {
rst = OBJECT_MAPPER.writeValueAsString(obj);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("将Java对象转换成Json串出错!");
throw new RuntimeException("将Java对象转换成Json串出错!", e);
}
return rst;
}
/**
* Json串转换为Java对象
*
* @param json Json串
* @param type Java对象类型
* @return Java对象
*/
public static <T> T fromJson(String json, Class<T> type) {
T rst;
try {
rst = OBJECT_MAPPER.readValue(json, type);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("Json串转换成对象出错:{}", json);
throw new RuntimeException("Json串转换成对象出错!", e);
}
return rst;
}
/**
* Json串转换为Java对象
* <br>使用引用类型,适用于List<Object>、Set<Object> 这种无法直接获取class对象的场景
* <br>使用方法:TypeReference ref = new TypeReference<List<Integer>>(){};
*
* @param json Json串
* @param typeRef Java对象类型引用
* @return Java对象
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T> T fromJson(String json, TypeReference<T> typeRef) {
T rst;
try {
rst = OBJECT_MAPPER.readValue(json, typeRef);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("Json串转换成对象出错:{}", json);
throw new RuntimeException("Json串转换成对象出错!", e);
}
return rst;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static HashMap<String, Object> fromJsonToMap(String json) {
HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
try {
map = OBJECT_MAPPER.readValue(json, map.getClass());
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("Json串转换成对象出错:{}", json);
}
return map;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static HashMap<String, Object> toMap(String json) {
HashMap<String, Object> map;
try {
map = OBJECT_MAPPER.readValue(json, HashMap.class);
} catch (Exception e) {
map = null;
logger.error("Json串转换成对象出错:{}", json);
}
return map;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("id",1111);
map.put("name","张三");
String s = JsonUtil.toJson(map);
Map map1 = JsonUtil.fromJson(s, Map.class);
System.out.println(map1);
}
}