Java Serializable

I. 简介

Serialisable 是一个接口；类在执行了Serialisable 接口后要进行IO操作时，系统会自动的把该类的对象封装.
通常在执行远程方法调用 (Remote Method Invocation, RMI)时，或者使用Java Bean 时需要封装一个类类对象，也就是需要改类执行Serialisable. 除了要类执行Serialisable 接口外，要序列化一个对象，要创建某些OutputStream 对象，然后封装在一个ObjectOutputStream 对象内，调用writeObject()便可将对象序列化.

II.Serializable实例

Serialisable 接口类似于一个标记，类在implements 后不需要执行任何方法.

public class Data implements Serializable{
    private static int number = 1;
    private int id = number++;
    private int n;
    public Data(int n) { this.n = n; }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return n + "  " + id;
    }

    public static void main(String [] args) 
            throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        File file = new File("/Users/Desktop/object.txt");
        Data
                data = new Data(2),
                data2 = new Data(5);

        ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(
                new FileOutputStream(file));
        out.writeObject(data);
        out.writeObject(data2);

        ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(
                new FileInputStream(file));
        data = (Data) in.readObject();
        System.out.println(data);
        data2 = (Data) in.readObject();
        System.out.println(data2);

        out.close();
        in.close();
    }
}

output://
2  1
5  2

Transient 关键字

如果在对象序列化后，我们不希望类中的某个变量被deserialisable，比如密码，那么在变量前加上serialisable 关键字即可.
例子仍未上述例子，但这是output 有所变化.

public class Data implements Serializable{
    private static int number = 1;
    private transient int id = number++;
    private int n;
    public Data(int n) { this.n = n; }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return n + "  " + id;
    }

    public static void main(String [] args) 
            throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        File file = new File("/Users/Desktop/object.txt");
        Data
                data = new Data(2),
                data2 = new Data(5);

        ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(
            new FileOutputStream(file));
        out.writeObject(data);
        out.writeObject(data2);

        ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(
            new FileInputStream(file));
        data = (Data) in.readObject();
        System.out.println(data);
        data2 = (Data) in.readObject();
        System.out.println(data2);

        out.close();
        in.close();
    }
}

output://
2  0
5  0

因为id 前加上了transient 关键字，所以在deserialisable的过程中，id 值变为了0.

III. Externalizable 实例

Externalizable 是继承于Serializable 的接口，新增了两个方法writerExternal()和readExternal().
在对象序列化时，就可以选择性地序列化变量了.

public class Data implements Externalizable{
    private static int number = 1;
    private int id = number++;
    private int n;
    public Data(int n) { this.n = n; }

    public Data() {}

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return n + "  " + id;
    }

    @Override
    public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
        out.write(id);
        out.write(n);
    }

    @Override
    public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) 
            throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        id = in.read();
        n = in.read();
    }

    public static void main(String [] args) 
            throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        File file = new File("/Users/HereWegoR/Desktop/object.txt");
        Data
                data = new Data(2),
                data2 = new Data(5);

        ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(
                new FileOutputStream(file));
        out.writeObject(data);
        out.writeObject(data2);

        ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(
                new FileInputStream(file));
        data = (Data) in.readObject();
        System.out.println(data);
        data2 = (Data) in.readObject();
        System.out.println(data2);

        out.close();
        in.close();
    }
}

output://
2  1
5  2

在使用Externalizable 时有两点需要注意：
1. 类需要有一个default constructor.
2. 需要序列化和反序列化的变量一定要在writerExternal()和readExternal()方法中写入和读取.

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另在使用Serializable 和Externalizable 介需要注意的是，接收序列化对象的机器上也要有相同的class 才能反序列化.