Android 广播监听网络状态变化

在Android 7.0及以上的系统移除了三项隐式广播，其中就有 ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION(android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGED)，这里除了说明Android 7.0的网络监听策略外，也会列出Android 7.0以下版本的网络监听策略。

1 Android 7.0及以上设备网络状态监听

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManager;
	private ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback mNetworkCallback;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
	
		if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODE.N) {
			mNetworkCallback = new NetworkCallbackImpl();
			NetworkRequest.Builder builder = new NetworkRequest.Builder();
			NetworkRequest request = builder.build();
			mConnectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
			mConnectivityManager.registerNetworkCallback(request, mNetworkCallback); // 注册
		}
	}

	@Override
	protected void onDestroy() {
		mConnectivityManager.unregisterNetworkCallback(mNetworkCallback);	
		super.onDestroy();
	}

	// 使用最多的两个方法是onAvailable()和onLost()，分别判断网络是否连接或断开
	private class NetworkCallbackImpl extends ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback {
		@Override
		public void onAvailable(Network network) {
			super.onAvailable(network);
		}

		@Override
		public void onLosing(Network network, int maxMsToLive) {
			super.onLosing(network, maxMsToLive);
		}

		@Override
		public void onLost(Network network) {
			super.onLost(network);
		}

		@Override
		public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network, NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {
			super.onCapabilitiesChanged(network, capabilities);
		}

		@Override
		public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(Network network, LinkProperties linkProperties) {
			super.onLinkPropertiesChanged(network, linkProperties);
		}
	}
}

2 Android 7.0以下设备网络状态监听（动态注册在7.0以上也有效）

• 监听网络状态的广播

public class NetworkReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
	private static final String TAG = NetworkReceiver.class.getSimpleName();	

	@Override
	public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
		if (intent.getAction().equals(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION)) {
			if (NetworkUtils.isNetworkAvailable(context)) {
				Log.i(TAG, "network is connected");	
			} else {
				Log.i(TAG, "network is disconnected");
			}
		}
	}
}

• NetworkUtils

public class NetworkUtils {
	// networkInfo.isConnected()分析：
	// 网络分为三种：有线以太网连接（即接网线）、无线wifi连接、移动网络连接
	// 判断网络连接要使用networkInfo.isConnected()判断，这是对三种网络是否处于连接状态的统一判断
	// 如果设备无线wifi连接断开了，但是移动网络处于连接状态，isConnected()会返回true
	// networkInfo.isConnected()判断到所有的网络都不可用了，才会返回false，且networkInfo != null的判断是必要的

	// networkInfo.isAvailable()判断是否连接是不准确的，最好使用networkInfo.isConnected()判断
	public static boolean isNetworkAvailable(Context context) {
		ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
		NetworkInfo networkInfo = cm.getActiveNetworkInfo();
		return networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isConnected();
	}
}

• 在Activity或Service中动态注册（不能使用本地广播，否则无法接收到系统的网络连接状态广播）

ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION 系统广播在Android 7.0(Android N)中已经被禁止发送，AndroidManifest.xml静态注册将无法接收到该广播，但是动态注册还是可以监听到。

public class NetworkService extends Service {
	private NetworkReceiver mReceiver;

	@Override
	public void onCreate() {
		super.onCreate();
		mReceiver = new NetworkReceiver();
		IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
		intentFilter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
		registerReceiver(mReceiver, intentFilter);
	}

	@Override
	public void onDestroy() {
		unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
		stopSelf();
		super.onDestroy();
	}
}

• AndroidManifest.xml声明权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" />

<receiver android:name=".receiver.NetworkReceiver" />
<service android:name=".service.NetworkServie" />