Android6.0动态权限申请

Android 6.0权限申请 是6.0的新特性。

6.0以后权限的申请改成了动态申请,如果你的targetSdkVersion大于23且手机系统是6.0以上的就需要动态申请权限.

参考文献:

http://blog.csdn.net/totcw/article/details/53409392

http://www.jianshu.com/p/a51593817825


要了解如何申请权限,首先我们需要先了解一下android的有关权限,以下是需要单独申请的权限,共分为9组,每组只要有一个权限申请成功了,就默认整组权限都可以使用了。

public static final class permission_group {
    public static final String CALENDAR = "android.permission-group.CALENDAR";
    public static final String CAMERA = "android.permission-group.CAMERA";
    public static final String CONTACTS = "android.permission-group.CONTACTS";
    public static final String LOCATION = "android.permission-group.LOCATION";
    public static final String MICROPHONE = "android.permission-group.MICROPHONE";
    public static final String PHONE = "android.permission-group.PHONE";
    public static final String SENSORS = "android.permission-group.SENSORS";
    public static final String SMS = "android.permission-group.SMS";
    public static final String STORAGE = "android.permission-group.STORAGE";

    public permission_group() {
        throw new RuntimeException("Stub!");
    }
}
 
 
//联系人
group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
//电话 group:android.permission-group.PHONE permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG permission:android.permission.USE_SIP permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
//日历 group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
//相机 group:android.permission-group.CAMERA permission:android.permission.CAMERA
//传感器 group:android.permission-group.SENSORS permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
//位置 group:android.permission-group.LOCATION permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
//sd卡 group:android.permission-group.STORAGE permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
//麦克风 group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
//短信 group:android.permission-group.SMS permission:android.permission.READ_SMS permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS


以下是——普通权限————只需要配置在AndroidManifest.xml中静态注册即可。


 
 
android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE android.permission.BLUETOOTH android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR android.permission.FLASHLIGHT android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE android.permission.INTERNET android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS android.permission.NFC android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED android.permission.REORDER_TASKS android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT android.permission.VIBRATE android.permission.WAKE_LOCK android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT

普通权限太多,就不一一介绍了。


———————————6.0申请权限步骤—————————————————

1.设置targetSdk 版本


将targetSdkVersion设置为23,注意,如果你将targetSdkVersion设置为>=23,则必须按照Android谷歌的要求,动态的申请权限,如果你暂时不打算支持动态权限申请,则targetSdkVersion最大只能设置为22.


2.在AndroidManifest.xml中申请你需要的权限


在AndroidManifest.xml中申请你需要的权限,包括普通权限和需要申请的特殊权限。


3.判断是否有权限,无权限友好提示

(1)检查是否有此权限checkSelfPermission(),如果已经开启,则直接做你想做的。

(2)如果未开启,则判断是否需要向用户解释为何申请权限shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale。

(3)如果需要(即返回true),则可以弹出对话框提示用户申请权限原因,用户确认后申请权限requestPermissions(),如果不需要(即返回false),则直接申请权限requestPermission。


备注!!!

(1)checkSelfPermission:检查是否拥有这个权限 (2)requestPermissions:请求权限,一般会弹出一个系统对话框,询问用户是否开启这个权限。 (3)shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale:Android原生系统中,如果第二次弹出权限申请的对话框,会出现“以后不再弹出”的提示框,如果用户勾选了,你再申请权限,则shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale返回true,意思是说要给用户一个 解释,告诉用户为什么要这个权限。然而,在实际开发中,需要注意的是,很多手机对原生系统做了修改,比如小米,小米4的6.0的shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale 就一直返回false,而且在申请权限时,如果用户选择了拒绝,则不会再弹出对话框了。。。。 所以说这个地方有坑,我的解决方法是,在回调里面处理,如果用户拒绝了这个权限,则打开本应用信息界面,由用户自己手动开启这个权限。 (4)每个应用都有自己的权限管理界面,里面有本应用申请的权限以及各种状态,即使用户已经同意了你申请的权限,他也随时可以关闭


理论普及到此。

package com.example.mytry;
import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Created by qianxiaoai on 2016/7/7.
 */
public class PermissionUtils {

    private static final String TAG = PermissionUtils.class.getSimpleName();
    public static final int CODE_RECORD_AUDIO = 0;
    public static final int CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS = 1;
    public static final int CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE = 2;
    public static final int CODE_CALL_PHONE = 3;
    public static final int CODE_CAMERA = 4;
    public static final int CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 5;
    public static final int CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = 6;
    public static final int CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 7;
    public static final int CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 8;
    public static final int CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION = 100;

    public static final String PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO = Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO;
    public static final String PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS = Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS;
    public static final String PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE = Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE;
    public static final String PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE = Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE;
    public static final String PERMISSION_CAMERA = Manifest.permission.CAMERA;
    public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
    public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION;
    public static final String PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
    public static final String PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;

    private static final String[] requestPermissions = {
            PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO,
            PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS,
            PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE,
            PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE,
            PERMISSION_CAMERA,
            PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
            PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
            PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
            PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
    };

    interface PermissionGrant {
        void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode);
    }

    /**
     * Requests permission.
     *
     * @param activity
     * @param requestCode request code, e.g. if you need request CAMERA permission,parameters is PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA
     */
    public static void requestPermission(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) {
        if (activity == null) {
            return;
        }
        if (requestCode < 0 || requestCode >= requestPermissions.length) {
            Log.w(TAG, "requestPermission illegal requestCode:" + requestCode);
            return;
        }

        final String requestPermission = requestPermissions[requestCode];

        //如果是6.0以下的手机,ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission()会始终等于PERMISSION_GRANTED        // 但是,如果用户关闭了你申请的权限,ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(),会导致程序崩溃(java.lang.RuntimeException: Unknown exception code: 1 msg null)        // 你可以使用try{}catch(){},处理异常,也可以在这个地方,低于23就什么都不做,
        // 个人建议try{}catch(){}单独处理,提示用户开启权限。
//        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 23) {
//            return;
//        }

        int checkSelfPermission;
        try {
            checkSelfPermission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, requestPermission);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            Toast.makeText(activity, "please open this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                    .show();
            Log.e(TAG, "RuntimeException:" + e.getMessage());
            return;
        }

        if (checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, requestPermission)) {
                shouldShowRationale(activity, requestCode, requestPermission);

            } else {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, new String[]{requestPermission}, requestCode);
            }

        } else {
            Toast.makeText(activity, "opened:" + requestPermissions[requestCode], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);
        }
    }

    private static void requestMultiResult(Activity activity, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) {

        if (activity == null) {
            return;
        }

        //TODO
        Log.d(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult permissions length:" + permissions.length);
        Map<String, Integer> perms = new HashMap<>();

        ArrayList<String> notGranted = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {
            Log.d(TAG, "permissions: [i]:" + i + ", permissions[i]" + permissions[i] + ",grantResults[i]:" + grantResults[i]);
            perms.put(permissions[i], grantResults[i]);
            if (grantResults[i] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                notGranted.add(permissions[i]);
            }
        }

        if (notGranted.size() == 0) {
            Toast.makeText(activity, "all permission success" + notGranted, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                    .show();
            permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);
        } else {
            openSettingActivity(activity, "those permission need granted!");
        }

    }


    /**
     * 一次申请多个权限
     */
    public static void requestMultiPermissions(final Activity activity, PermissionGrant grant) {

        final List<String> permissionsList = getNoGrantedPermission(activity, false);
        final List<String> shouldRationalePermissionsList = getNoGrantedPermission(activity, true);

        //TODO checkSelfPermission
        if (permissionsList == null || shouldRationalePermissionsList == null) {
            return;
        }
        Log.d(TAG, "requestMultiPermissions permissionsList:" + permissionsList.size() + ",shouldRationalePermissionsList:" + shouldRationalePermissionsList.size());

        if (permissionsList.size() > 0) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, permissionsList.toArray(new String[permissionsList.size()]),
                    CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);
            Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions");

        } else if (shouldRationalePermissionsList.size() > 0) {
            showMessageOKCancel(activity, "should open those permission",
                    new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, shouldRationalePermissionsList.toArray(new String[shouldRationalePermissionsList.size()]),
                                    CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);
                            Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions");
                        }
                    });
        } else {
            grant.onPermissionGranted(CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);
        }

    }


    private static void shouldShowRationale(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, final String requestPermission) {
        //TODO
        String[] permissionsHint = activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);
        showMessageOKCancel(activity, "Rationale: " + permissionsHint[requestCode], new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,
                        new String[]{requestPermission},
                        requestCode);
                Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions:" + requestPermission);
            }
        });
    }

    private static void showMessageOKCancel(final Activity context, String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) {
        new AlertDialog.Builder(context)
                .setMessage(message)
                .setPositiveButton("OK", okListener)
                .setNegativeButton("Cancel", null)
                .create()
                .show();

    }

    /**
     * @param activity
     * @param requestCode  Need consistent with requestPermission
     * @param permissions
     * @param grantResults
     */
    public static void requestPermissionsResult(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                                @NonNull int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) {

        if (activity == null) {
            return;
        }
        Log.d(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode);

        if (requestCode == CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION) {
            requestMultiResult(activity, permissions, grantResults, permissionGrant);
            return;
        }

        if (requestCode < 0 || requestCode >= requestPermissions.length) {
            Log.w(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult illegal requestCode:" + requestCode);
            Toast.makeText(activity, "illegal requestCode:" + requestCode, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            return;
        }

        Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode + ",permissions:" + permissions.toString()
                + ",grantResults:" + grantResults.toString() + ",length:" + grantResults.length);

        if (grantResults.length == 1 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult PERMISSION_GRANTED");
            //TODO success, do something, can use callback
            permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);

        } else {
            //TODO hint user this permission function
            Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult PERMISSION NOT GRANTED");
            //TODO
            String[] permissionsHint = activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);
            openSettingActivity(activity,  "Result" + permissionsHint[requestCode]);
        }

    }

    private static void openSettingActivity(final Activity activity, String message) {

        showMessageOKCancel(activity, message, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
                Log.d(TAG, "getPackageName(): " + activity.getPackageName());
                Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", activity.getPackageName(), null);
                intent.setData(uri);
                activity.startActivity(intent);
            }
        });
    }


    /**
     * @param activity
     * @param isShouldRationale true: return no granted and shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale permissions, false:return no granted and !shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale
     * @return
     */
    public static ArrayList<String> getNoGrantedPermission(Activity activity, boolean isShouldRationale) {

        ArrayList<String> permissions = new ArrayList<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < requestPermissions.length; i++) {
            String requestPermission = requestPermissions[i];


            //TODO checkSelfPermission
            int checkSelfPermission = -1;
            try {
                checkSelfPermission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, requestPermission);
            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                Toast.makeText(activity, "please open those permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                        .show();
                Log.e(TAG, "RuntimeException:" + e.getMessage());
                return null;
            }

            if (checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                Log.i(TAG, "getNoGrantedPermission ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED:" + requestPermission);

                if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, requestPermission)) {
                    Log.d(TAG, "shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale if");
                    if (isShouldRationale) {
                        permissions.add(requestPermission);
                    }

                } else {

                    if (!isShouldRationale) {
                        permissions.add(requestPermission);
                    }
                    Log.d(TAG, "shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale else");
                }

            }
        }

        return permissions;
    }

}

转载自 http://www.jianshu.com/p/a51593817825   不错的例子。get




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关于 Android 6.0 以上权限问题,可能是由于您的应用没有正确申请权限导致的。您可以通过以下步骤检查和解决该问题: 1. 在 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中声明应用需要的权限。例如,如果您的应用需要访问网络,则需要添加以下权限声明: ``` <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> ``` 2. 在运行时检查权限。您可以使用以下代码检查是否拥有所需权限: ``` if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.INTERNET) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { // Permission is not granted, request it ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.INTERNET}, REQUEST_CODE); } else { // Permission is granted, continue with the task } ``` 3. 处理用户的权限请求响应。当您使用 `ActivityCompat.requestPermissions()` 请求权限时,系统会显示一个对话框,询问用户是否授予权限。您需要在 `onRequestPermissionsResult()` 回调方法中处理用户的响应,例如: ``` @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) { if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE) { if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { // Permission is granted, continue with the task } else { // Permission is denied, show a message to the user } } } ``` 至于 TBS 内核加载失败的问题,可能是由于权限问题导致的。您可以尝试按照上述步骤检查和解决权限问题,如果仍然无法解决问题,请提供更多详细信息,以便我更好地帮助您解决问题。
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