掌握 openpyxl 操作:Python 轻松处理 Excel
各种数据需要导入Excel?多个Excel要合并?目前,Python处理Excel文件有很多库,openpyxl算是其中功能和性能做的比较好的一个。接下来我将为大家介绍各种Excel操作。
打开Excel文件
新建一个Excel文件
from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
打开现有Excel文件
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb2 = load_workbook('test.xlsx')
打开大文件时,根据需求使用只读或只写模式减少内存消耗。.
wb = load_workbook(filename='large_file.xlsx', read_only=True)
wb = Workbook(write_only=True)
获取、创建工作表
获取当前活动工作表:
ws = wb.active
创建新的工作表:
ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") # insert at the end (default)
# or
ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0) # insert at first position
# or
ws3 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", -1) # insert at the penultimate position
使用工作表名字获取工作表:
ws3 = wb["New Title"]
获取所有的工作表名称:
print(wb.sheetnames)
['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1']
使用for循环遍历所有的工作表:
for sheet in wb:
print(sheet.title)
保存
保存到流中在网络中使用:
from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
>>> from openpyxl import Workbook
>>> wb = Workbook()
>>> with NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
wb.save(tmp.name)
tmp.seek(0)
stream = tmp.read()
保存到文件:
wb = Workbook()
wb.save('balances.xlsx')
保存为模板:
wb = load_workbook('document.xlsx')
wb.template = True
wb.save('document_template.xltx')
单元格
单元格位置作为工作表的键直接读取:
c = ws['A4']
为单元格赋值:
ws['A4'] = 4
c.value = 'hello, world'
多个单元格可以使用切片访问单元格区域:
cell_range = ws['A1':'C2']
使用数值格式:
# set date using a Python datetime
ws['A1'] = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21)
ws['A1'].number_format
'yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss'
使用公式:
# add a simple formula
ws["A1"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"
合并单元格时,除左上角单元格外,所有单元格都将从工作表中删除:
ws.merge_cells('A2:D2')
ws.unmerge_cells('A2:D2')
# or equivalently
ws.merge_cells(start_row=2, start_column=1, end_row=4, end_column=4)
ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=2, start_column=1, end_row=4, end_column=4)
行、列
可以单独指定行、列、或者行列的范围:
colC = ws['C']
col_range = ws['C:D']
row10 = ws[10]
row_range = ws[5:10]
可以使用Worksheet.iter_rows()方法遍历行:
for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
for cell in row:
print(cell)
同样的Worksheet.iter_cols()方法将遍历列:
for col in ws.iter_cols(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
for cell in col:
print(cell)
遍历文件的所有行或列,可以使用Worksheet.rows属性:
ws = wb.active
ws['C9'] = 'hello world'
tuple(ws.rows)
((, , ),
(, , ),
(, , ),
(, , ),
(, , ),
(, , ),
(, , ),
(, , ),
(, , ))
或Worksheet.columns属性:
tuple(ws.columns)
((,
,
,
,
,
,
...
,
,
),
(,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
))
使用Worksheet.append()或者迭代使用Worksheet.cell()新增一行数据:
for row in range(1, 40):
ws1.append(range(600))
for row in range(10, 20):
for col in range(27, 54):
_ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=row, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))
插入操作比较麻烦。可以使用Worksheet.insert_rows()插入一行或几行:
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
ws.insert_rows(7)
row7 = ws[7]
for col in range(27, 54):
_ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=7, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))
Worksheet.insert_cols()操作类似。Worksheet.delete_rows()和Worksheet.delete_cols()用来批量删除行和列。
只读取值
使用Worksheet.values属性遍历工作表中的所有行,但只返回单元格值:
for row in ws.values:
for value in row:
print(value)
Worksheet.iter_rows()和Worksheet.iter_cols()可以设置values_only参数来仅返回单元格的值:
for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2, values_only=True):
print(row)
(None, None, None)
(None, None, None)