输出
- echo “< h1>hello world< /h1>”;
- echo("< h1>hello world< /h1>");
- print_r("< h1>hello world< /h1>");
- var_dump(100); // int(100)
- var_dump(“hello”); // string(5) “hello”
变量定义
- 变量以$符号开始，后面跟着变量的名称
- 变量名必须以字母或者下划线字符开始
- 变量名只能包含字母数字字符以及下划线
- 变量名不能包含空格
- 变量名是区分大小写的
<?php
$str = "hello";
print $str."world";
print "{$str} world";
?>
分支语句
<?php
$isTrue = true;
if (isTrue) {
echo "True";
} else {
echo "False";
}
$num = 1;
switch (num) {
case 1:
echo "1";
break;
case 2:
echo "2";
break;
default:
break;
}
for ($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++) {
echo $i;
}
?>
函数
<?php
function print() {
print "Hello world<br/>";
}
print();
?>
数组
<?php
// 普通数组
$color = array("red", "blue", "green");
var_dump($color);
echo $color[1];
for($i=0;$i < count($color);$i++) {
echo "$color[i]<br>";
}
// 关联数组
$arr = array("zhangsan" => "张三", "lisi" => "李四", "wangwu" => "王五");
var_dump($arr); // array(3){["zhangsan"]=>string(6) "张三" ["lisi"]=>string(6) "李四" ["wangwu"]=>string(6) "王五"}
foreach($arr as $key => $value) {
echo "{$key}:{$value}"; // zhangsan:张三 lisi:李四 wangwu:王五
}
// 二维数组
$arr2 = array(array("name" => "张三", "math" => 100, "english" => 95),
array("name" => "李四", "math" => 92, "english" => 83),
array("name" => "王五", "math" => 80, "english" => 75)
);
for($i = 0; $i < 3; $i++) {
foreach($arr2[$i] as $key => $value) {
echo "{$key}:{$value} ";
}
echo "<br>";
}
?>
数组函数
字符串函数
时间函数
数据传输格式
- xml
优点：- 数据种类丰富
- 传输数据量大
缺点： - 解析麻烦
- 不适合轻量级数据
- json（大多数移动端使用）
优点：- 解析容易
- 适合轻量级数据
缺点： - 数据种类比较少
- 传输数据量小
AJAX
AJAX：异步的JavaScript和XML
AJAX是前后端数据的搬运工，可以异步执行
- 同步：阻塞，当前程序运行必须等前一个程序运行结束才能运行
- 异步：非阻塞，当前程序运行与前一个程序无关
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>Test</title>
<script>
window.onload = function() {
var oBtn = document.getElementById("btn1");
var oDiv = document.getElementById("div1");
oBtn.onclick = function() {
var xhr = XMLHttpRequest(); // 创建ajax对象
xhr.open("GET", "1.txt", true); // true为异步
xhr.send();
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xhr.readyState == 4) {
if (xhr.status == 200) {
oDiv.innerHTML = xhr.responseText;
} else {
alert(xhr.status);
}
}
}
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<button type="button" id="btn1">下载数据</button>
<div id="div1" style="width: 100px; height: 50px; border: 1px solid black; margin-top: 5px;"></div>
</body>
</html>
 |  |
get和post提交
- get提交
直接在url后插入数据 http://localhost/1.php?username=abc&password=123
优点：简单
缺点：不安全；数据量有上限 - post提交
url不会显示数据 http://localhost/1.php
优点：安全；理论上没有上限
缺点：底层实现比get复杂
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>Test</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- <form action="1.php" method="get"> -->
<form action="1.php" method="post" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded">
<input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名" />
<input type="password" name="password" placeholder="密码" />
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
<?php
header(content-type:text/html;charset="utf-8");
// $username = $_GET["username"];
// $password = $_GET["password"];
$username = $_POST["username"];
$password = $_POST["password"];
echo "用户名为{$username},密码为{$password}";
?>
var xhr = null;
try {
xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
} catch(error) {
xhr = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
// get参数直接在url后面加参数
xhr.open("GET", "1.php?username=abc&password=123", true);
xhr.send();
/* post 提交
xhr.open("POST", "1.php", true);
xhr.setRequestHeader("content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
xhr.send("username=abc&password=123");
*/
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xhr.readyState == 4) {
if (xhr.status == 200) {
alert(xhr.responseText);
} else {
alert(xhr.status);
}
}
}
json
var arr = [100, true, "hello"];
var str = JSON.stringify(arr); // 数组转字符串
var arr1 = JSON.parse(str); // 字符串转数组
php中处理json
$arr = array('username' => 'abc', 'password' = > '123');
$str = json_encode($arr); // 数组转字符串
$arr2 = json_decode($str); // 字符串转数组
php 连接 mysql
<?php
$link = mysql_connect("localhost", "root", "123456");
if (!link) {
echo "连接失败";
exit;
}
mysql_set_charset("utf8");
mysql_select_db("php");
$sql = "SELECT * FROM students";
$res = mysql_query($sql);
echo "<table border='1'>";
echo "<tr><th>姓名</th><th>成绩</th></tr>";
while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($res)) {
echo "<tr><td>{$row['name']}</td><td>{$row['score']}</td></tr>";
}
echo "</table>";
mysql_close($link);
?>
跨源请求
AJAX只能下载同源的数据，不能下载跨源的数据
同源：同协议、同域名、同端口号
跨源的方式：
- 修改ajax同源协议（不建议）
- 委托php文件进行跨源
- JSONP跨域
JSONP跨源步骤
- 先声明一个有形参的函数，对这个参数做后续处理
- 在需要下载数据时，动态创建script标签，将标签的src设置成要下载的数据的url
- 当script插入到页面时，会调用封装好的函数，将数据传至页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Test</title>
<style type="text/css">
#div0 {text-align: center; margin: 10px auto; margin-top: 50px;}
#div0 img {width: 250px;}
#div1 {width: 520px; margin: 10px auto;}
#input1 {width: 400px; height: 30px; display: inline-block;}
#input2 {width: 100px; height: 36px; display: inline-block; background-color: royalblue; color: white; border: 0;}
#ul1 {list-style: none; width: 402px; border: 1px solid black; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: none;}
#ul1 li a {text-decoration: none; color: black; line-height: 20px; padding: 5px; display: block;}
#ul1 li a:hover {background-color: orange; color: white;}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
function download(data) {
var arr = data.s;
var oUl = document.getElementById("ul1");
oUl.innerHTML = "";
oUl.style.display = "block";
for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
var oLi = document.createElement("li");
var oA = document.createElement("a");
oA.innerHTML = arr[i];
oA.href = `http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=${arr[i]}`;
oLi.appendChild(oA);
oUl.appendChild(oLi);
}
}
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = function() {
var oInput = document.getElementById("input1");
var oUl = document.getElementById("ul1");
oInput.onkeyup = function() {
var oValue = this.value;
if(!oValue) {
oUl.style.display = "none";
} else {
var oScript = document.createElement("script");
oScript.src = `http://suggestion.baidu.com/su?wd=${this.value}&cb=download`;
document.body.appendChild(oScript);
}
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div0">
<img src="https://www.baidu.com/img/flexible/logo/pc/result@2.png" >
</div>
<div id="div1">
<input type="text" id="input1" />
<input type="submit" id="input2" value="百度一下" />
<ul id="ul1">
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>
cookie
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Test</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = function() {
var oDiv = document.getElementById('div1');
setCookie('name', 'Tom', {expires: 7});
oDiv.innerHTML = getCookie('name');
var oBtn = document.getElementById('remove');
oBtn.onclick = function() {
removeCookie('name');
removeCookie('age');
oDiv.innerHTML = getCookie('name');
}
}
function setCookie(name, value, {expires, path, domain, secure}) {
var cookieStr = encodeURIComponent(name) + "=" + encodeURIComponent(value);
if (expires) {
cookieStr += ";expires=" + getDateAfter(expires);
}
if (path) {
cookieStr += ";path=" + path;
}
if (domain) {
cookieStr += ";domain=" + domain;
}
if (secure) {
cookieStr += ";secure";
}
document.cookie = cookieStr;
}
function getCookie(name) {
var cookieStr = decodeURIComponent(document.cookie);
var start = cookieStr.indexOf(name + '=');
if (start == -1) {
return null;
} else {
var end = cookieStr.indexOf(';', start);
if (end == -1) {
end = cookieStr.length;
}
var str = cookieStr.substring(start, end);
return str.split('=')[1];
}
}
function removeCookie(name) {
document.cookie = encodeURIComponent(name) + "=;expires=" + new Date(0);
}
function getDateAfter(n) {
var d = new Date();
var day = d.getDate();
d.setDate(n + day);
return d
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<button id="remove">remove</button>
<div id="div1">
</div>
</body>
</html>
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