Linux最简单的文件系统aufs剖析详解

对于一个普通的编程小白来说，文件系统无非就是几个功能，创建文件，创建目录，打开文件和文件读写。对于通常的硬盘文件系统来说，这要涉及硬盘的读写和硬盘空间管理，而读写从文件系统一直到通用块设备再到硬盘驱动。我们这些就剖析最简单的文件系统，深入内核。
aufs文件系统源代码

#include <linux/module.h> 
#include <linux/fs.h> 
#include <linux/pagemap.h> 
#include <linux/mount.h> 
#include <linux/init.h> 
#include <linux/namei.h> 

#define AUFS_MAGIC  0x64668735  

static struct vfsmount *aufs_mount;  
static int aufs_mount_count;  

static struct inode *aufs_get_inode(struct super_block *sb, int mode, dev_t dev)  
{  
  struct inode *inode = new_inode(sb);  

  if (inode) {  
       inode->i_mode = mode;  
       inode->i_uid = current->fsuid;  
       inode->i_gid = current->fsgid;  
       inode->i_blksize = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;  
       inode->i_blocks = 0;  
       inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;  
       switch (mode & S_IFMT) {  
       default:  
           init_special_inode(inode, mode, dev);  
           break;  
       case S_IFREG:  
           printk("creat a  file \n");  
           break;  
       case S_IFDIR:  
           inode->i_op = &simple_dir_inode_operations;  
           inode->i_fop = &simple_dir_operations;  
           printk("creat a dir file \n");  

           inode->i_nlink++;  
           break;  
       }  
  }  
  return inode;  
}  
/* SMP-safe  创建iNode的函数 */  
static int aufs_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,  
           int mode, dev_t dev)  
{  
  struct inode *inode;  
  int error = -EPERM;  
 /* 判断inode是否存在 如果存在就返回退出函数 */
  if (dentry->d_inode)  
       return -EEXIST;  
 /* 如果inode不存在就调用aufs_get_inode函数创建inode */
  inode = aufs_get_inode(dir->i_sb, mode, dev);  
  if (inode) {  
  /*  */
       d_instantiate(dentry, inode);  
       dget(dentry);  
       error = 0;  
  }  
  return error;  
}  

static int aufs_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode)  
{  
  int res;  
 /* 参数S_IFDIR表示创建一个目录文件的inode */
  res = aufs_mknod(dir, dentry, mode |S_IFDIR, 0);  
  if (!res)  
       dir->i_nlink++;  
  return res;  
}  

static int aufs_create(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode)  
{  
  return aufs_mknod(dir, dentry, mode | S_IFREG, 0);  
}  

static int aufs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)  
{  
  static struct tree_descr debug_files[] = {
  {
  ""}};  

  return simple_fill_super(sb, AUFS_MAGIC, debug_files);  
}  

static struct super_block *aufs_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type,  
                int flags, const char *dev_name,  
                void *data)  
{  
  return get_sb_single(fs_type, flags, data, aufs_fill_super);  
}  

static struct file_system_type au_fs_type = {  
  .owner =    THIS_MODULE,  
  .name =     "aufs",  
  .get_sb =   aufs_get_sb,  
  .kill_sb =  kill_litter_super,  
};  

 /* 创建文件的inode和dentry结构 */
static int aufs_create_by_name(const char *name, mode_t mode,  
                 struct dentry *parent,  
                 struct dentry **dentry)  
{  
  int error = 0;  

  /* If the parent is not specified, we create it in the root.  
   * We need the root dentry to do this, which is in the super  
   * block. A pointer to that is in the struct vfsmount that we  
   * have around.  
   */  
   /* 判断是否有父目录 没有就赋予文件系统的根dentry */
  if (!parent ) {  
       if (aufs_mount && aufs_mount->mnt_sb) {  
           parent = aufs_mount->mnt_sb->s_root;  
       }  
  }  
  if (!parent) {  
       printk("Ah! can not find a parent!\n");  
       return -EFAULT;  
  }  

  *dentry = NULL;  
  /* 原子锁  */
  mutex_lock(&parent->d_inode->i_mutex);  

  /* 调用lookup_one_len：首先在父目录下根据名字查找dentry结构 如果存在就返回指针 不存在就创建一个dentry */
  *dentry = lookup_one_len(name, parent, strlen(name));  
  if (!IS_ERR(dentry)) {  
       if ((mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)  
        /* 这里表示创建一个目录文件的inode */
            error = aufs_mkdir(parent->d_inode, *dentry, mode);  
       else  
       /* 创建一个文件的inode */
            error = aufs_create(parent->d_inode, *dentry, mode);  
  } else  
       error = PTR_ERR(dentry);  
  mutex_unlock(&parent->d_inode->i_mutex);  

  return error;  
}  

/* 创建一个文件 文件是用dentry和inode代表的 这里是创建dentry和inode */
struct dentry *aufs_create_file(const char *name, mode_t mode,  
                  struct dentry *parent, void *data,  
                  struct file_operations *fops)  
{  
  struct dentry *dentry = NULL;  
  int error;  

  printk("aufs: creating file '%s'\n",name);  

  error = aufs_create_by_name(name, mode, parent, &dentry);  
  if (error) {  
       dentry = NULL;  
       goto exit;  
  }  
  if (dentry->d_inode) {  
       if (data)  
            dentry->d_inode->u.generic_ip = data;  
       if (fops)  
            dentry->d_inode->i_fop = fops;  
  }  
exit:  
  return dentry;  
}  

 /* 目录创建 linux中目录也是文件 所以调用aufs_create_file创建文件 传入参数S_IFDIR指明创建的是一个目录 */
struct dentry *aufs_create_dir(const char *name, struct dentry *parent)  
{  
  return aufs_create_file(name,  
                  S_IFDIR | S_IRWXU | S_IRUGO | S_IXUGO,  
                  parent, NULL, NULL);  
}  

static int __init aufs_init(void)  
{  
  int retval;  
       struct dentry *pslot;  

 /* 将文件系统登记到系统 */
  retval = register_filesystem(&au_fs_type);  

  if (!retval) {  
/* 创建super_block 根dentry 根inode */
       aufs_mount = kern_mount(&au_fs_type);
/* kern_mount错误就卸载文件系统 */
       if (IS_ERR(aufs_mount)) {  
           printk(KERN_ERR "aufs: could not mount!\n");  
           unregister_filesystem(&au_fs_type);  
           return retval;  
       }  
  }  
/* 创建目录和目录下的几个文件 */
  pslot = aufs_create_dir("woman star",NULL);  
  aufs_create_file("lbb", S_IFREG | S_IRUGO, pslot, NULL, NULL);  
  aufs_create_file("fb