springcloud2.1.10版本---- 四 Feign(声明式服务调用)

Feign是一个声明式的伪Http客户端，它使得写Http客户端变得更简单。使用Feign，只需要创建一个接口并注解。它具有可插拔的注解特性，可使用Feign 注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Feign默认集成了Ribbon，并和Eureka结合，默认实现了负载均衡的效果。

简而言之：

• Feign 采用的是基于接口的注解
• Feign 整合了ribbon，具有负载均衡的能力
• 整合了Hystrix，具有熔断的能力

首先创建一个工程：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.10.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-cloud-feign</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>spring-cloud-feign</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR3</spring-cloud.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		
		<dependency>
		    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		    <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
		    <version>1.2.6.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

2 启动类配置

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;

import feign.Request;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class SpringCloudFeignApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudFeignApplication.class, args);
	}
//	@Bean
//	public static Request.Options requestOptions(ConfigurableEnvironment env){
//		return new Request.Options(1,1);
//	}

}

3 服务接口

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import com.hdu.server.bean.User;

@FeignClient(name="eureka-provider")
public interface UserService {
	@RequestMapping("/getUser")
	List<User> getUserList();
	
	@RequestMapping("/getUserByName")
	User getUserByName(@RequestParam("name") String name);
	
	@RequestMapping("/getResult")
	String getResult(@RequestBody User user);
}

4 Controller层调用

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.hdu.server.bean.User;
import com.hdu.server.service.UserService;

@RestController
public class UserController {
	@Autowired
	private UserService userService;
	
	@GetMapping("/getUserList")
	public List<User> getUserList(){
		return userService.getUserList();
	}
	
	@RequestMapping("/getUserByName")
	public User getUserByName(String name){
		return userService.getUserByName(name);
	}
	
	@RequestMapping("/getResult")
	public String getResult(User user){
		return userService.getResult(user);
	}
}

5 application.yml文件配置

spring:
  application:
    name: feign-consumer
server:
  port: 8500
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka/

6 启动feign-consumer并访问http://localhost:8500/getUserList

7 feign的服务降级处理

可以通过实现UserService并配置@FeignClient，其实现如下：

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import com.hdu.server.bean.User;
@Component
public class UserServiceFallback implements UserService{

	@Override
	public List<User> getUserList() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
		list.add(new User("未知","-1"));
		return list;
	}

	@Override
	public User getUserByName(@RequestParam("name") String name) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return new User("未知","-1");
	}

	@Override
	public String getResult(@RequestBody User user) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return "error";
	}

}

@FeignClient(name="eureka-provider",fallback=UserServiceFallback.class)
public interface UserService {
	@RequestMapping("/getUser")
	List<User> getUserList();
	
	@RequestMapping("/getUserByName")
	User getUserByName(@RequestParam("name") String name);
	
	@RequestMapping("/getResult")
	String getResult(@RequestBody User user);
}

同时还需要配置feign的请求超时时间等配置。