依赖注入笔记

使用情景

假设当前有一个使用者名叫Bowman，Bowman每天做三件事，看书，玩游戏，抓宠物。

未使用依赖注入（DependencyInjection）的情况

Bowman需要使用一个手机才能做这些事情，在不使用依赖注入的情况下，代码是这样的：

Person类：

namespace Dependency
{ 
    class Person
    {

    }
}

Bowman类：

namespace Dependency
{
    class Bowman : Person
    {
        private string name;
        private int age;
        public Bowman()
        {
            name = "Bowman";
            age = 23;
        }
        Iphone6 iphone6 = new Iphone6(); //直接在Bowman的类当中实例化
        public void read ()
        {
            iphone6.read(name,age);
        }
        public void play()
        {
            iphone6.play(name,age);
        }
        public void grab()
        {
            iphone6.grab(name,age);
        }
    }
}

Iphone类：

namespace Dependency
{ 
    class Iphone
    {
    }
}

Iphone6类：

namespace Dependency
{
    class Iphone6 : Iphone
    {
        public void read(string user, int age)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(user + " is " + age + " years old" + " and " + "he is reading books now.");
        }
        public void play(string user, int age)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(user + " is " + age + " years old" + " and " + "he is playing games now.");
        }
        public void grab(string user, int age)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(user + " is " + age + " years old" + " and " + "he is grabing now.");
        }
    }
}

主函数（函数入口）Program.cs：

namespace Dependency
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hi Bowman,Are you sure to start a new day?");
            Console.ReadLine();
            Bowman bowman = new Bowman();
            Console.WriteLine("Next Step:");
            Console.ReadLine();
            bowman.read();
            Console.ReadLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Next Step:");
            Console.ReadLine();
            bowman.play();
            Console.ReadLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Next Step:");
            Console.ReadLine();
            Console.ReadLine();
            bowman.grab();
            Console.ReadLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Bowman's whole day is over.");
        }
    }
}

首先有一个Iphone6的类继承了Iphone类，Iphone类当中没有任何具体实现，但是Iphone6类当中实现了看书，玩游戏和抓宠物这三个功能。Bowman类当中也没有去做这三个功能的具体实现。此时，我们选择的是在Bowman类当中实例化Iphone6类，然后在相应的方法当中调用Iphone6类的方法。

程序运行的时候实例化Bowman类，并调用Bowman类相应的方法。

依赖注入

上面那种实现的方法有一种弊端，就是Bowman和Iphone6的耦合度过高，在那个程序当中，Bowman如果失去Iphone6就不能实现任何功能。因此我们需要依赖注入，依赖注入就是Bowman不再一定要Iphone6才能实现功能了，开发者设计了手机的功能之后直接把手机塞到Bowman的手里，以此来避免Bowman和手机耦合度过高的问题

以下是使用依赖注入的情况：

Person类：

namespace DependencyInjection
{
    class Person
    {
    }
}

Bowman类：

namespace DependencyInjection
{
    class Bowman : Person
    {
        private string name;
        private int age;
        private Iphone iphone;
        public Bowman(Iphone iphone)
        {
            name = "Bowman";
            age = 23;
            this.iphone = iphone;
        }
        public void read()
        {
            iphone.read(name, age);
        }
        public void play()
        {
            iphone.play(name, age);
        }
        public void grab()
        {
            iphone.grab(name, age);
        }
    }
}

Iphone类：

namespace DependencyInjection
{
    class Iphone
    {
        public virtual void read(string user, int age)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(user + " is " + age + " years old" + " and " + "he is reading books now.");
        }
        public virtual void play(string user, int age)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(user + " is " + age + " years old" + " and " + "he is playing games now.");
        }
        public virtual void grab(string user, int age)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(user + " is " + age + " years old" + " and " + "he is grabing now.");
        }
    }
}

Iphone6类：

namespace DependencyInjection
{
    class Iphone6 : Iphone
    {
        public override void read(string user, int age)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(user + " is " + age + " years old" + " and " + "he is " +"using iphone6" + " to read books now.");
        }
        public override void play(string user, int age)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(user + " is " + age + " years old" + " and " + "he is " + "using iphone6" + " to play games now.");
        }
        public override void grab(string user, int age)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(user + " is " + age + " years old" + " and " + "he is " + "using iphone6" + " to grab now.");
        }
    }
}

Iphone7类：

namespace DependencyInjection
{
    class Iphone7 : Iphone
    {
        public override void read(string user, int age)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(user + " is " + age + " years old" + " and " + "he is " + "using iphone7" + " to read books now.");
        }
        public override void play(string user, int age)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(user + " is " + age + " years old" + " and " + "he is " + "using iphone7" + " to play games now.");
        }
        public override void grab(string user, int age)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(user + " is " + age + " years old" + " and " + "he is " + "using iphone7" + " to grab now.");
        }
    }
}

主函数（函数入口）Program.cs：

namespace DependencyInjection
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hi Bowman,Are you sure to start a new day?");
            Console.ReadLine();
            Iphone iphone6 = new Iphone6();
            Iphone iphone7 = new Iphone7(); 
            Bowman bowman = new Bowman(iphone6);
            Console.WriteLine("Next Step:");
            Console.ReadLine();
            bowman.read();
            Console.ReadLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Next Step:");
            Console.ReadLine();
            bowman.play();
            Console.ReadLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Next Step:");
            Console.ReadLine();
            Console.ReadLine();
            bowman.grab();
            Console.ReadLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Bowman's whole day is over.");
        }
    }
}

在这里，Iphone，Iphone6当中都有具体实现，并且新建了一个Iphone7的类（也有具体实现）。在使用依赖注入的时候，开发者直接给Bowman一个Iphone（手机），Bowman不需要去管是什么手机，总之拿来就能用。主函数当中做的事情就是实例化Bowman和Iphone6以及Iphone7，然后随便塞一种Iphone到Bowman手里，让Bowman执行三种功能。这就是依赖注入。

以上使用C#编写