Java Comparator | 比较器
Java java.util.Comparator
功能接口对对象的集合进行总排序。
为了对一个集合进行排序,我们将比较器(Comparator
)实例传递给Stream.sorted
、Collections.sort
、List.sort
和Arrays.sort
方法。
比较器(Comparator
)还可以控制SortedSet
的顺序和SortedMap
数据结构的键顺序。
比较器(Comparator
)的功能方法是compare(T o1, T o2)
,当第一个参数小于、等于或大于第二个参数时,返回一个负整数、零或一个正整数。
比较器(Comparator
)施加的排序应与equals
方法一致。
只有当c.compare(e1, e2)==0
对于集合中的每个e1
和e2
具有与e1.equals(e2)
相同的布尔值时,才称为一致,其中c
是比较器(Comparator
)的实例。
现在让我们详细讨论比较器(Comparator
)示例。
比较器功能方法:compare(T o1, T o2)
compare
是比较器功能接口的功能方法。从Java
源代码中找到它的声明。
int compare(T o1, T o2)
compare
比较其两个参数的顺序。
当第一个参数小于、等于或大于第二个参数时,它返回负值、零值或正值。
找到定义比较方法的例子。
1. 使用 Lambda 表达式定义 compare
我们使用lambda
表达式定义compare
功能方法如下。
Comparator<Student> ageComp = (s1, s2) -> s1.getAge() - s2.getAge();
Comparator<Student> nameComp = (s1, s2) -> s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName());
示例
CompareDemo.java
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class CompareDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> list = Student.getStudentList();
System.out.println("--- Sort Students by age ---");
Comparator<Student> ageComp = (s1, s2) -> s1.getAge() - s2.getAge();
list.sort(ageComp);
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--- Sort Students by name ---");
Comparator<Student> nameComp = (s1, s2) -> s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName());
list.sort(nameComp);
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
}
compare
功能方法需要返回-ve
、0
、+ve
的值。
s1.getAge()-s2.getAge()
将返回-ve
、0
、+ve
的值。
而String.compareTo
对两个字符串进行按字母顺序的比较,它返回-ve
、0
、+ve
的值。
List.sort
根据给定的比较器(Comparator
)实例对这个列表进行排序。
现在找到一个在Student
类中使用的示例。
Student.java
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
public class Student implements Comparable<Student> {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Student s) {
return name.compareTo(s.getName());
}
@Override
public String toString(){
return name + "-" + age;
}
public static List<Student> getStudentList(){
Student s1 = new Student("Ram", 18);
Student s2 = new Student("Shyam",22);
Student s3 = new Student("Mohan",19);
List<Student> list = Arrays.asList(s1,s2,s3);
return list;
}
}
输出
--- Sort Students by age ---
Ram-18
Mohan-19
Shyam-22
--- Sort Students by name ---
Mohan-19
Ram-18
Shyam-22
2. 自定义 compare 实现比较器
CompareDemoImplement.java
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
class AgeComparator implements Comparator<Student>, Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
public int compare(Student s1, Student s2) {
return s1.getAge() - s2.getAge();
}
}
class NameComparator implements Comparator<Student>, Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
public int compare(Student s1, Student s2) {
return s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName());
}
}
public class CompareDemoImplement {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> list = Student.getStudentList();
System.out.println("--- Sort Students by age ---");
AgeComparator ageComparator = new AgeComparator();
list.sort(ageComparator);
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--- Sort Students by name ---");
NameComparator nameComparator = new NameComparator();
list.sort(nameComparator);
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
}
输出
--- Sort Students by age ---
Ram-18
Mohan-19
Shyam-22
--- Sort Students by name ---
Mohan-19
Ram-18
Shyam-22
在实现比较器接口的同时实现Serializable
是一个很好的做法,因为它们可能被用作可序列化数据结构(如TreeSet
和TreeMap
)的排序方法。
比较器的使用
我们可以用Stream.sorted
、Collections.sort
、List.sort
和Arrays.sort
方法来使用我们的比较器。
Stream.sorted
Stream.sorted
返回一个由这个流的元素组成的流,根据提供的比较器进行排序。
CompareDemoStreamSorted.java
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class CompareDemoStreamSorted {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> list = Student.getStudentList();
System.out.println("--- Sort Students by age ---");
Comparator<Student> ageComp = (s1, s2) -> s1.getAge() - s2.getAge();
list.stream().sorted(ageComp).forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--- Sort Students by name ---");
Comparator<Student> nameComp = (s1, s2) -> s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName());
list.stream().sorted(nameComp).forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
}
使用的Student
类为上面compare
例子中的学生类。
Collections.sort
Collections.sort
根据给定的比较器实例对指定的列表进行排序。
CompareDemoCollectionsSort.java
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class CompareDemoCollectionsSort {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> list = Student.getStudentList();
System.out.println("--- Sort Students by age ---");
Comparator<Student> ageComp = (s1, s2) -> s1.getAge() - s2.getAge();
Collections.sort(list, ageComp);
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--- Sort Students by name ---");
Comparator<Student> nameComp = (s1, s2) -> s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName());
Collections.sort(list, nameComp);
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
}
使用的Student
类为上面compare
例子中的学生类。
List.sort
List.sort
根据给定的比较器实例对这个列表进行排序。
CompareDemoListSort.java
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class CompareDemoListSort {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> list = Student.getStudentList();
System.out.println("--- Sort Students by age ---");
Comparator<Student> ageComp = (s1, s2) -> s1.getAge() - s2.getAge();
list.sort(ageComp);
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--- Sort Students by name ---");
Comparator<Student> nameComp = (s1, s2) -> s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName());
list.sort(nameComp);
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
}
使用的Student
类为上面compare
例子中的学生类。
Arrays.sort
Arrays.sort
根据指定比较器产生的顺序对指定的对象数组进行排序。
CompareDemoArraysSort.java
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
public class CompareDemoArraysSort {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student st1 = new Student("Ram", 18);
Student st2 = new Student("Shyam",22);
Student st3 = new Student("Mohan",19);
Student[] array = {st1, st2, st3};
System.out.println("--- Sort Students by age ---");
Comparator<Student> ageComp = (s1, s2) -> s1.getAge() - s2.getAge();
Arrays.sort(array, ageComp);
for (Student s : array) {
System.out.println(s);
}
System.out.println("--- Sort Students by name ---");
Comparator<Student> nameComp = (s1, s2) -> s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName());
Arrays.sort(array, nameComp);
for (Student s : array) {
System.out.println(s);
}
}
}
使用的Student
类为上面compare
例子中的学生类。
比较器的方法
在Java 8
中,比较器接口引入了一些静态和默认的方法。
在这里,我们将结合实例讨论这些方法。
我们可以将比较器与Stream.sorted
、List.sort
、Collections.sort
和Arrays.sort
一起使用来对集合和Map
进行排序。
1. reversed
reversed是Java比较器功能接口的默认方法。reversed返回一个比较器,该比较器强制执行反向排序。
声明如下。
default Comparator<T> reversed()
要使用reversed
方法,我们需要实例化我们的比较器并调用该方法。
reversed
将返回新的比较器实例,该实例将强加该比较器的反向排序。
Comparator<Student> nameComparator = (s1, s2) -> s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName());
Collections.sort(list, nameComparator.reversed());
示例,其中使用的Student
类为上面compare
例子中的学生类。
ComparatorReversedDemo.java
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import com.concretepage.Student;
public class ComparatorReversedDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> list = Student.getStudentList();
Comparator<Student> ageComparator = (s1, s2) -> s1.getAge() - s2.getAge();
list.stream().sorted(ageComparator.reversed()).forEach(s -> System.out.print(s.getAge() + " "));
System.out.println("\n-----------");
Comparator<Student> nameComparator = (s1, s2) -> s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName());
list.stream().sorted(nameComparator.reversed()).forEach(s -> System.out.print(s.getName() + " "));
System.out.println("\n-----------");
list.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Student::getAge).reversed()).forEach(s -> System.out.print(s.getAge() + " "));
System.out.println("\n-----------");
list.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Student::getName).reversed()).forEach(s -> System.out.print(s.getName() + " "));
}
}
输出
22 19 18
-----------
Shyam Ram Mohan
-----------
22 19 18
-----------
Shyam Ram Mohan
2. reverseOrder
reverseOrder
是一个静态方法,返回比较器,对对象集合进行反向自然排序。
对于自然排序,一个类需要实现比较器并定义compareTo
方法。
一个对象集合根据自然排序中的compareTo
进行排序。
Comparator.reverseOrder
反转了自然排序。
它在内部调用Collections.reverseOrder()
并返回比较器实例。
查找Comparator.reverseOrder
的Java
源代码。
public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> Comparator<T> reverseOrder() {
return Collections.reverseOrder();
}
示例,其中使用的Student
类为上面compare
例子中的学生类。
ComparatorReverseOrderDemo.java
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class ComparatorReverseOrderDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> numList = Arrays.asList(12, 10, 15, 8, 11);
Collections.sort(numList, Comparator.reverseOrder());
numList.forEach(n -> System.out.print(n + " "));
System.out.println("\n-----------");
List<String> strList = Arrays.asList("Varanasi", "Allahabad", "Kanpur", "Noida");
Collections.sort(strList, Comparator.reverseOrder());
strList.forEach(s -> System.out.print(s + " "));
System.out.println("\n-----------");
List<Student> stdList = Student.getStudentList();
Collections.sort(stdList, Comparator.reverseOrder());
stdList.forEach(s -> System.out.print(s.getName() + " "));
}
}
输出
15 12 11 10 8
-----------
Varanasi Noida Kanpur Allahabad
-----------
Shyam Ram Mohan
3. naturalOrder
naturalOrder
是比较器功能接口的静态方法。
Comparator.naturalOrder
方法返回一个比较器,该比较器以自然顺序比较可比较的对象。
对于自然排序,一个类需要实现Comparable
并定义compareTo
方法。
一个对象的集合按照自然排序的compareTo
方法进行排序。
像Integer
、String
和Date
这样的Java
类实现了Comparable
接口,并覆盖了其compareTo
方法,它们以词汇表(lexicographic-order
)排序。
从Java
源代码中找到naturalOrder
方法声明。
static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> Comparator<T> naturalOrder()
找到使用List.sort
方法的Comparator.naturalOrder
的例子。
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class ComparatorNaturalOrderDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> numList = Arrays.asList(12, 10, 15, 8, 11);
numList.sort(Comparator.naturalOrder());
numList.forEach(n -> System.out.print(n + " "));
System.out.println("\n-----------");
List<String> strList = Arrays.asList("Varanasi", "Allahabad", "Kanpur", "Noida");
strList.sort(Comparator.naturalOrder());
strList.forEach(s -> System.out.print(s + " "));
System.out.println("\n-----------");
List<Student> stdList = Student.getStudentList();
stdList.sort(Comparator.naturalOrder());
stdList.forEach(s -> System.out.print(s.getName() + " "));
}
}
输出
8 10 11 12 15
-----------
Allahabad Kanpur Noida Varanasi
-----------
Mohan Ram Shyam
4. nullsFirst
nullsFirst
是比较器功能接口的静态方法。
Comparator.nullsFirst
方法返回一个对null
友好的比较器,它认为null
小于非null
。
从Java
源代码中找到它的声明。
static <T> Comparator<T> nullsFirst(Comparator<? super T> comparator)
找到由nullsFirst
方法返回的比较器工作原理。
- 空元素被认为是小于非空元素的。
- 当两个元素都是空的时候,那么它们就被认为是相等的。
- 当两个元素都是非空的时候,指定的比较器决定了顺序。
- 如果指定的比较器是空的,那么返回的比较器认为所有非空的元素是相等的。
示例
NullsFirstDemo.java
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class NullsFirstDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student s1 = new Student("Ram", 18);
Student s2 = new Student("Shyam", 22);
Student s3 = new Student("Mohan", 17);
System.out.println("-------Case1: One null----------");
List<Student> list = Arrays.asList(s1, s2, null, s3);
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.nullsFirst(Comparator.comparing(Student::getName)));
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--------Case2: More than one null---------");
list = Arrays.asList(s1, null, s2, null, s3);
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.nullsFirst(Comparator.comparing(Student::getName)));
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--------Case3: Reverse specified Comparator to nullsFirst---------");
list = Arrays.asList(s1, null, s2, null, s3);
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.nullsFirst(Comparator.comparing(Student::getName).reversed()));
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--------Case4: Reverse Comparator returned by nullsFirst---------");
list = Arrays.asList(s1, null, s2, null, s3);
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.nullsFirst(Comparator.comparing(Student::getName)).reversed());
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--------Case5: Specify natural order Comparator to nullsFirst---------");
list = Arrays.asList(s1, null, s2, null, s3);
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.nullsFirst(Comparator.naturalOrder()));
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--------Case6: Specify null to nullsFirst---------");
list = Arrays.asList(s1, null, s2, null, s3);
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.nullsFirst(null));
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
}
输出
-------Case1: One null----------
null
Mohan-17
Ram-18
Shyam-22
--------Case2: More than one null---------
null
null
Mohan-17
Ram-18
Shyam-22
--------Case3: Reverse specified Comparator to nullsFirst---------
null
null
Shyam-22
Ram-18
Mohan-17
--------Case4: Reverse Comparator returned by nullsFirst---------
Shyam-22
Ram-18
Mohan-17
null
null
--------Case5: Specify natural order Comparator to nullsFirst---------
null
null
Mohan-17
Ram-18
Shyam-22
--------Case6: Specify null to nullsFirst---------
null
null
Ram-18
Shyam-22
Mohan-17
5. nullsLast
nullsLast
是比较器功能接口的静态方法。
Comparator.nullsLast
方法返回一个对null
友好的比较器,认为null
大于非null
。
从Java
源代码中找到它的声明。
static <T> Comparator<T> nullsLast(Comparator<? super T> comparator)
找到由nullsLast
方法返回的比较器工作原理。
- 空元素被认为是大于非空元素的。
- 当两个元素都是空的时候,那么它们就被认为是相等的。
- 当两个元素都是非空的时候,指定的比较器决定了顺序。
- 如果指定的比较器是空的,那么返回的比较器认为所有非空的元素是相等的。
示例
NullsLastDemo.java
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class NullsLastDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student s1 = new Student("Ram", 18);
Student s2 = new Student("Shyam", 22);
Student s3 = new Student("Mohan", 17);
System.out.println("-------Case1: One null----------");
List<Student> list = Arrays.asList(s1, s2, null, s3);
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.comparing(Student::getName)));
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--------Case2: More than one null---------");
list = Arrays.asList(s1, null, s2, null, s3);
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.comparing(Student::getName)));
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--------Case3: Reverse specified Comparator to nullsLast---------");
list = Arrays.asList(s1, null, s2, null, s3);
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.comparing(Student::getName).reversed()));
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--------Case4: Reverse Comparator returned by nullsLast---------");
list = Arrays.asList(s1, null, s2, null, s3);
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.comparing(Student::getName)).reversed());
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--------Case5: Specify natural order Comparator to nullsLast---------");
list = Arrays.asList(s1, null, s2, null, s3);
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.naturalOrder()));
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--------Case6: Specify null to nullsLast---------");
list = Arrays.asList(s1, null, s2, null, s3);
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.nullsLast(null));
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
}
输出
-------Case1: One null----------
Mohan-17
Ram-18
Shyam-22
null
--------Case2: More than one null---------
Mohan-17
Ram-18
Shyam-22
null
null
--------Case3: Reverse specified Comparator to nullsLast---------
Shyam-22
Ram-18
Mohan-17
null
null
--------Case4: Reverse Comparator returned by nullsLast---------
null
null
Shyam-22
Ram-18
Mohan-17
--------Case5: Specify natural order Comparator to nullsLast---------
Mohan-17
Ram-18
Shyam-22
null
null
--------Case6: Specify null to nullsLast---------
Ram-18
Shyam-22
Mohan-17
null
null
6. comparing
comparing
是比较器功能接口的静态方法。
Comparator.comparing
接受一个函数,该函数从给定的类型中提取一个可比较的排序键,并返回一个通过该排序键进行比较的比较器。
Comparator.comparing
有两种形式。
1.
static <T,U extends Comparable<? super U>> Comparator<T> comparing(Function<? super T,? extends U> keyExtractor)
我们需要传递一个函数,它将从一个类型T
中提取一个可比较的排序键,并返回一个通过该排序键进行比较的比较器。
查找示例代码。
Comparator<Student> nameComparator = Comparator.comparing(Student::getName);
2.
static <T,U> Comparator<T> comparing(Function<? super T,? extends U> keyExtractor, Comparator<? super U> keyComparator)
我们需要传递一个函数和一个比较器。
该方法将从一个类型T
中提取一个排序键,并返回一个比较器,使用指定的比较器对该排序键进行比较。
查找示例代码。
Comparator<Student> nameComparator = Comparator.comparing(Student::getName, (s1, s2) -> s2.compareTo(s1));
对于int
、long
和double
数据类型的排序键,比较器分别有comparingInt
、comparingLong
和comparingDouble
方法。
这里我们将提供Comparator.comparing
方法的例子。
找到一个将实现Comparable
接口的类,并定义compareTo
方法。
School.java
public class School implements Comparable<School> {
private int code;
private String sname;
public School(int code, String sname) {
this.code = code;
this.sname = sname;
}
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
public String getSname() {
return sname;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(School s) {
return s.sname.compareTo(sname);
}
}
创建另一个类,我们将在其中创建School
类型的类属性。
Student.java
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
private long homeDistance;
private double weight;
private School school;
public Student(String name, int age, long homeDistance, double weight, School school) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.homeDistance = homeDistance;
this.weight = weight;
this.school = school;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public long getHomeDistance() {
return homeDistance;
}
public double getWeight() {
return weight;
}
public School getSchool() {
return school;
}
public static List<Student> getStudentList() {
Student s1 = new Student("Ram", 18, 3455, 60.75, new School(101, "PQ College"));
Student s2 = new Student("Shyam", 22, 3252, 65.80, new School(103, "RS College"));
Student s3 = new Student("Mohan", 19, 1459, 65.20, new School(102, "AB College"));
Student s4 = new Student("Mahesh", 20, 4450, 70.25, new School(104, "CD College"));
List<Student> list = Arrays.asList(s1, s2, s3, s4);
return list;
}
}
现在找到Comparator.comparing
方法的例子。
ComparingDemo.java
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class ComparingDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> list = Student.getStudentList();
Comparator<Student> schoolComparator1 = Comparator.comparing(Student::getSchool);
Collections.sort(list, schoolComparator1);
list.forEach(s->System.out.print(s.getName() + "-" + s.getSchool().getSname() + " | "));
System.out.println("\n-------------------");
Comparator<Student> schoolComparator2 =
Comparator.comparing(Student::getSchool, (sch1, sch2) -> sch1.getCode() - sch2.getCode());
Collections.sort(list, schoolComparator2);
list.forEach(s->System.out.print(s.getName() + "-" + s.getSchool().getCode() + " | "));
System.out.println("\n-------------------");
Comparator<Student> nameComparator1 = Comparator.comparing(Student::getName);
Collections.sort(list, nameComparator1);
list.forEach(s->System.out.print(s.getName() + " "));
System.out.println("\n-------------------");
Comparator<Student> nameComparator2 = Comparator.comparing(Student::getName, (s1, s2) -> s2.compareTo(s1));
Collections.sort(list, nameComparator2);
list.forEach(s->System.out.print(s.getName() + " "));
}
}
输出
Shyam-RS College | Ram-PQ College | Mahesh-CD College | Mohan-AB College |
-------------------
Ram-101 | Mohan-102 | Shyam-103 | Mahesh-104 |
-------------------
Mahesh Mohan Ram Shyam
-------------------
Shyam Ram Mohan Mahesh
7. comparingInt
comparingInt
方法的声明。
static <T> Comparator<T> comparingInt(ToIntFunction<? super T> keyExtractor)
它接受一个从类型T
中提取一个int
排序键的函数,并返回一个通过该排序键进行比较的比较器。
ComparingIntDemo.java
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class ComparingIntDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> list = Student.getStudentList();
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.comparingInt(Student::getAge));
list.forEach(s->System.out.print(s.getAge() + " "));
}
}
输出
18 19 20 22
8. comparingLong
comparingLong
方法的声明。
static <T> Comparator<T> comparingLong(ToLongFunction<? super T> keyExtractor)
它接受一个从类型T
中提取long
排序键的函数,并返回一个通过该排序键进行比较的比较器。
ComparingLongDemo.java
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class ComparingLongDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> list = Student.getStudentList();
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.comparingLong(Student::getHomeDistance));
list.forEach(s->System.out.print(s.getHomeDistance() + " "));
}
}
输出
1459 3252 3455 4450
9. comparingDouble
comparingDouble
方法的声明。
static <T> Comparator<T> comparingDouble(ToDoubleFunction<? super T> keyExtractor)
它接受一个从类型T
中提取double
排序键的函数,并返回一个通过该排序键进行比较的比较器。
ComparingDoubleDemo.java
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class ComparingDoubleDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> list = Student.getStudentList();
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.comparingDouble(Student::getWeight));
list.forEach(s->System.out.print(s.getWeight() + " "));
}
}
输出
60.75 65.2 65.8 70.25
10. thenComparing
thenComparing
是比较器功能接口的默认方法。
Comparator.thenComparing
返回一个词表顺序(lexicographic-order
)的比较器,该比较器被一个比较器实例调用,使用一组排序键对项目进行排序。
当这个比较器比较两个元素相等时,thenComparing
方法决定了顺序。
我们可以多次使用Comparator.thenComparing
。
当我们想通过排序键组来确定元素的顺序时,要用到它。
对于int
、long
和double
数据类型的排序键,比较器分别有thenComparingInt
、thenComparingLong
和thenComparingDouble
默认方法。
thenComparing
有以下形式。
1.
default Comparator<T> thenComparing(Comparator<? super T> other)
它返回一个词表顺序(lexicographic-order
)比较器和另一个比较器。查找代码段。
Comparator<Student> compByStdName = Comparator.comparing(Student::getName);
Comparator<Student> schoolComparator1 = Comparator.comparing(Student::getAge) //sort by student age
.thenComparing(compByStdName); //then sort by student name
首先,比较器将按照学生年龄对学生集合进行排序,如果某些学生的年龄相同,那么将按照他们的名字进行排序。
2.
default <U extends Comparable<? super U>> Comparator<T> thenComparing(Function<? super T,? extends U> keyExtractor)
它返回一个词表顺序(lexicographic-order
)比较器,其中包含一个提取可比较排序键的函数。
Comparator<Student> schoolComparator2 = Comparator.comparing(Student::getSchool) //sort by school natural ordering i.e. city
.thenComparing(Student::getAge) //then sort by student age
.thenComparing(Student::getName); //then sort by student name
首先,学生的集合将按照他们各自的学校的自然顺序进行排序,如果一些学生根据他们的学校排序是相同的,那么这些学生将按照他们各自的年龄进行排序,如果年龄也是相同的,那么他们将按照他们的名字进行排序。
3.
default <U> Comparator<T> thenComparing(Function<? super T,? extends U> keyExtractor, Comparator<? super U> keyComparator)
它返回一个词表顺序(lexicographic-order
)的比较器,该比较器带有一个函数,可以提取一个键与给定的比较器进行比较。
Comparator<Student> schoolComparator3 = Comparator.comparing(Student::getSchool) //sort by school natural ordering i.e. city
.thenComparing(Student::getSchool, (school1, school2) -> school1.getSname().compareTo(school2.getSname())) //then sort by school name
.thenComparing(Student::getAge) //then sort by student age
.thenComparing(Student::getName); //then sort by student name
首先,学生的集合将按他们各自的学校的自然顺序进行排序(即在我们的演示中按学校所在城市),然后如果学生在同一学校所在城市,他们将按各自的学校名称进行排序,如果学生在同一学校名称,他们将按年龄进行排序,如果学生在同一年龄,他们将按名字进行排序。
完整的例子
School.java
public class School implements Comparable<School> {
private String sname;
private String city;
public School(String sname, String city) {
this.sname = sname;
this.city = city;
}
public String getSname() {
return sname;
}
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(School s) {
return s.getCity().compareTo(city);
}
}
Student.java
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
private long homeDistance;
private double weight;
private School school;
public Student(String name, int age, long homeDistance, double weight, School school) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.homeDistance = homeDistance;
this.weight = weight;
this.school = school;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public long getHomeDistance() {
return homeDistance;
}
public double getWeight() {
return weight;
}
public School getSchool() {
return school;
}
public static List<Student> getStudentList() {
Student s1 = new Student("Ram", 18, 3455, 60.75, new School("AB College", "Noida"));
Student s2 = new Student("Shyam", 22, 3252, 65.80, new School("RS College", "Gurugram"));
Student s3 = new Student("Mohan", 18, 1459, 65.20, new School("AB College", "Noida"));
Student s4 = new Student("Mahesh", 22, 4450, 70.25, new School("RS College", "Gurugram"));
List<Student> list = Arrays.asList(s1, s2, s3, s4);
return list;
}
}
ThenComparingDemo.java
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class ThenComparingDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> list = Student.getStudentList();
System.out.println("--------Example-1---------");
Comparator<Student> compByStdName = Comparator.comparing(Student::getName);
Comparator<Student> schoolComparator1 = Comparator.comparing(Student::getAge) //sort by student age
.thenComparing(compByStdName); //then sort by student name
Collections.sort(list, schoolComparator1);
list.forEach(s->System.out.println(s.getName() + "-" + s.getAge()));
System.out.println("--------Example-2---------");
Comparator<Student> schoolComparator2 = Comparator.comparing(Student::getSchool) //sort by school natural ordering i.e. city
.thenComparing(Student::getAge) //then sort by student age
.thenComparing(Student::getName); //then sort by student name
Collections.sort(list, schoolComparator2);
list.forEach(s->System.out.println(s.getName() + "-" + s.getAge()+ "-" + s.getSchool().getCity()));
System.out.println("--------Example-3---------");
Comparator<Student> schoolComparator3 = Comparator.comparing(Student::getSchool) //sort by school natural ordering i.e. city
.thenComparing(Student::getSchool, (school1, school2) -> school1.getSname().compareTo(school2.getSname())) //then sort by school name
.thenComparing(Student::getAge) //then sort by student age
.thenComparing(Student::getName); //then sort by student name
Collections.sort(list, schoolComparator3);
list.forEach(s->System.out.println(s.getName() + "-" + s.getAge()+ "-" + s.getSchool().getSname() + "-" + s.getSchool().getCity()));
}
}
输出
--------Example-1---------
Mohan-18
Ram-18
Mahesh-22
Shyam-22
--------Example-2---------
Mohan-18-Noida
Ram-18-Noida
Mahesh-22-Gurugram
Shyam-22-Gurugram
--------Example-3---------
Mohan-18-AB College-Noida
Ram-18-AB College-Noida
Mahesh-22-RS College-Gurugram
Shyam-22-RS College-Gurugram
11. thenComparingInt
thenComparingInt
方法声明。
default Comparator<T> thenComparingInt(ToIntFunction<? super T> keyExtractor)
它返回一个词表顺序(lexicographic-order
)比较器,其中包含一个提取int
排序键的函数。找到例子。
ThenComparingIntDemo.java
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class ThenComparingIntDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> list = Student.getStudentList();
Comparator<Student> comparator = Comparator.comparing(Student::getName, (s1, s2) -> s1.charAt(0) - s2.charAt(0))
.thenComparingInt(Student::getAge);
Collections.sort(list, comparator);
list.forEach(s->System.out.println(s.getName() + "-" + s.getAge()));
}
}
输出
Mohan-18
Mahesh-22
Ram-18
Shyam-22
12. thenComparingLong
thenComparingLong
方法声明。
default Comparator<T> thenComparingLong(ToLongFunction<? super T> keyExtractor)
它返回一个词表顺序(lexicographic-order
)比较器,其中包含一个提取long
排序键的函数。找到例子。
ThenComparingLongDemo.java
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class ThenComparingLongDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> list = Student.getStudentList();
Comparator<Student> comparator = Comparator.comparing(Student::getName, (s1, s2) -> s1.charAt(0) - s2.charAt(0))
.thenComparingLong(Student::getHomeDistance);
Collections.sort(list, comparator);
list.forEach(s->System.out.println(s.getName() + "-" + s.getHomeDistance()));
}
}
输出
Mohan-1459
Mahesh-4450
Ram-3455
Shyam-3252
13. thenComparingDouble
thenComparingDouble
方法声明。
default Comparator<T> thenComparingDouble(ToDoubleFunction<? super T> keyExtractor)
它返回一个词表顺序(lexicographic-order
)比较器,其中包含一个提取double
排序键的函数。找到例子。
ThenComparingDoubleDemo.java
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class ThenComparingDoubleDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> list = Student.getStudentList();
Comparator<Student> comparator = Comparator.comparing(Student::getName, (s1, s2) -> s1.charAt(0) - s2.charAt(0))
.thenComparingDouble(Student::getWeight);
Collections.sort(list, comparator);
list.forEach(s->System.out.println(s.getName() + "-" + s.getWeight()));
}
}
输出
Mohan-65.2
Mahesh-70.25
Ram-60.75
Shyam-65.8
在 SortedSet 中使用比较器
Java
Comparator
可用于控制SortedSet
数据结构的顺序。
SortedSet
的实现类是TreeSet
和ConcurrentSkipListSet
。
我们可以将比较器实例传递给TreeSet
和ConcurrentSkipListSet
类的构造函数以控制其顺序。
SortedSet
提供了comparator()
方法,用于返回用于对这个集合中的元素进行排序的比较器。
如果SortedSet
对其元素使用自然排序,那么comparator()
方法返回null
。
在这一页,我们将提供一些例子,说明如何在TreeSet
和ConcurrentSkipListSet
类中使用比较器。
1. 在TreeSet中使用比较器
TreeSet
根据元素的自然排序,或者通过在集合创建时提供的比较器对元素进行排序,这取决于使用哪个构造函数。
我们可以通过使用以下构造函数传递比较器来实例化TreeSet
类。
TreeSet(Comparator<? super E> comparator)
它构建了一个新的、空的树集,根据指定的比较器进行排序。
当我们不传递比较器时,TreeSet
会根据它的自然排序对元素进行排序。
对于自然排序,一个类需要实现Comparable
接口并覆盖compareTo
方法。
为了获得我们的TreeSet
对象所使用的比较器,SortedSet
提供了 comparator()
方法。
现在找到使用比较器与TreeSet
类来控制其元素顺序的例子。使用本页面上面compare
例子中的Student
类。
TreeSetDemo.java
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.TreeSet;
public class TreeSetDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student s1 = new Student("Shyam", 18);
Student s2 = new Student("Mohan", 20);
Student s3 = new Student("Ram", 22);
System.out.println("---TreeSet Order With Comparator---");
Comparator<Student> ageComparator = Comparator.comparing(Student::getAge);
TreeSet<Student> myTreeSet = new TreeSet<>(ageComparator);
myTreeSet.addAll(Arrays.asList(s1, s2, s3));
myTreeSet.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
//System.out.println("Comparator: "+ myTreeSet.comparator());
System.out.println("---TreeSet Natural Order (With Comparable)---");
myTreeSet = new TreeSet<>();
myTreeSet.addAll(Arrays.asList(s1, s2, s3));
myTreeSet.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
}
输出
---TreeSet Order With Comparator---
Shyam-18
Mohan-20
Ram-22
---TreeSet Natural Order (With Comparable)---
Mohan-20
Ram-22
Shyam-18
2. 在 ConcurrentSkipListSet 中使用比较器
ConcurrentSkipListSet
根据元素的自然排序或在集合创建时提供的比较器来排序,这取决于使用哪种构造函数。
我们可以通过使用下面的构造函数传递比较器来实例化ConcurrentSkipListSet
类。
ConcurrentSkipListSet(Comparator<? super E> comparator)
它构造了一个新的、空的集合,根据指定的比较器对其元素进行排序。
当我们不传递比较器时,ConcurrentSkipListSet
会根据其自然排序对元素进行排序。
对于自然排序,一个类需要实现Comparable
接口并覆盖compareTo
方法。
为了获得我们的ConcurrentSkipListSet
对象所使用的比较器,SortedSet
提供了comparator()
方法。
现在找到使用比较器与ConcurrentSkipListSet
类来控制其元素顺序的例子。
ConcurrentSkipListSetDemo.java
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListSet;
public class ConcurrentSkipListSetDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student s1 = new Student("Shyam", 18);
Student s2 = new Student("Mohan", 20);
Student s3 = new Student("Ram", 22);
System.out.println("---ConcurrentSkipListSet Order With Comparator---");
Comparator<Student> ageComparator = Comparator.comparing(Student::getAge);
ConcurrentSkipListSet<Student> myConcurrentSkipList = new ConcurrentSkipListSet<>(ageComparator);
myConcurrentSkipList.addAll(Arrays.asList(s1, s2, s3));
myConcurrentSkipList.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
//System.out.println("Comparator: "+ myConcurrentSkipList.comparator());
System.out.println("---ConcurrentSkipListSet Natural Order (With Comparable)---");
myConcurrentSkipList = new ConcurrentSkipListSet<>();
myConcurrentSkipList.addAll(Arrays.asList(s1, s2, s3));
myConcurrentSkipList.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
}
输出
---ConcurrentSkipListSet Order With Comparator---
Shyam-18
Mohan-20
Ram-22
---ConcurrentSkipListSet Natural Order (With Comparable)---
Mohan-20
Ram-22
Shyam-18
在 SortedMap 使用比较器
Java
比较器可用于控制SortedMap
数据结构的键的顺序。
SortedMap
的实现类是TreeMap
和ConcurrentSkipListMap
。
我们可以将比较器实例传递给TreeMap
和ConcurrentSkipListMap
类的构造函数以控制其键的顺序。
SortedMap
提供了comparator()
方法,用于返回用于对该Map
中的键进行排序的比较器。
如果SortedMap
使用key
元素的自然排序,那么comparator()
方法返回null
。
在这一页,我们将提供一些例子,说明如何在TreeMap
和ConcurrentSkipListMap
类中使用比较器。
1. 在 TreeMap 中使用比较器
TreeMap
根据其键的自然排序或在Map
创建时提供的比较器进行排序,这取决于使用哪个构造函数。
我们可以通过使用以下构造函数传递比较器来实例化TreeMap
类。
TreeMap(Comparator<? super K> comparator)
它构造一个新的、空的TreeMap
,根据给定的比较器进行排序。
当我们不传递比较器时,TreeMap
会按其自然顺序对键进行排序。
对于自然排序,元素类需要实现Comparable
接口并重写compareTo
方法。
为了获得我们的TreeMap
对象所使用的比较器,SortedMap
提供了comparator()
方法。
现在找到使用比较器与TreeMap
类来控制其键的顺序的例子。使用本页面上面compare
例子中的Student
类。
TreeMapDemo.java
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.TreeMap;
public class TreeMapDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student s1 = new Student("Shyam", 18);
Student s2 = new Student("Mohan", 20);
Student s3 = new Student("Ram", 22);
System.out.println("---TreeMap Order With Comparator---");
Comparator<Student> ageComparator = Comparator.comparing(Student::getAge);
TreeMap<Student, String> myTreeMap = new TreeMap<>(ageComparator);
myTreeMap.put(s1, "Varanasi");
myTreeMap.put(s2, "Mathura");
myTreeMap.put(s3, "Kashi");
myTreeMap.forEach((k, v) -> System.out.println(k + " - " + v));
//System.out.println("Comparator: "+ myTreeMap.comparator());
System.out.println("---TreeMap Natural Order (With Comparable)---");
myTreeMap = new TreeMap<>();
myTreeMap.put(s1, "Varanasi");
myTreeMap.put(s2, "Mathura");
myTreeMap.put(s3, "Kashi");
myTreeMap.forEach((k, v) -> System.out.println(k + " - " + v));
}
}
输出
---TreeMap Order With Comparator---
Shyam-18 - Varanasi
Mohan-20 - Mathura
Ram-22 - Kashi
---TreeMap Natural Order (With Comparable)---
Mohan-20 - Mathura
Ram-22 - Kashi
Shyam-18 - Varanasi
2. 在 ConcurrentSkipListMap 中使用比较器
ConcurrentSkipListMap
根据其键的自然排序,或者根据Map
创建时提供的比较器进行排序,这取决于使用哪个构造函数。
我们可以通过使用下面的构造函数传递比较器来实例化ConcurrentSkipListMap
类。
ConcurrentSkipListMap(Comparator<? super K> comparator)
它构造一个新的、空的Map
,根据给定的比较器排序。
当我们不传递比较器时,ConcurrentSkipListMap
会根据其自然排序对键进行排序。
对于自然排序,元素类需要实现Comparable
接口并重写compareTo
方法。
为了获得我们的ConcurrentSkipListMap
对象所使用的比较器,SortedMap
提供了comparator()
方法。
现在找到使用比较器与ConcurrentSkipListMap
类来控制其键的顺序的例子。
ConcurrentSkipListMapDemo.java
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListMap;
public class ConcurrentSkipListMapDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student s1 = new Student("Shyam", 18);
Student s2 = new Student("Mohan", 20);
Student s3 = new Student("Ram", 22);
System.out.println("---ConcurrentSkipListMap Order With Comparator---");
Comparator<Student> ageComparator = Comparator.comparing(Student::getAge);
ConcurrentSkipListMap<Student, String> myConcurrentSkipListMap = new ConcurrentSkipListMap<>(ageComparator);
myConcurrentSkipListMap.put(s1, "Varanasi");
myConcurrentSkipListMap.put(s2, "Mathura");
myConcurrentSkipListMap.put(s3, "Kashi");
myConcurrentSkipListMap.forEach((k, v) -> System.out.println(k + " - " + v));
//System.out.println("Comparator: "+ myConcurrentSkipListMap.comparator());
System.out.println("---ConcurrentSkipListMap Natural Order (With Comparable)---");
myConcurrentSkipListMap = new ConcurrentSkipListMap<>();
myConcurrentSkipListMap.put(s1, "Varanasi");
myConcurrentSkipListMap.put(s2, "Mathura");
myConcurrentSkipListMap.put(s3, "Kashi");
myConcurrentSkipListMap.forEach((k, v) -> System.out.println(k + " - " + v));
}
}
输出
---ConcurrentSkipListMap Order With Comparator---
Shyam-18 - Varanasi
Mohan-20 - Mathura
Ram-22 - Kashi
---ConcurrentSkipListMap Natural Order (With Comparable)---
Mohan-20 - Mathura
Ram-22 - Kashi
Shyam-18 - Varanasi
参考文献
【1】Interface Comparator
【2】Interface SortedSet
【3】Interface SortedMap
【4】Java Comparator