Django学习笔记——模型，数据库(一)

Django的模型是数据库相关内容，相关代码写在models.py中，Django 支持 sqlite3, MySQL, PostgreSQL等数据库，只需要在settings.py中配置即可，不用更改models.py中的代码

1.首先创建项目、app，将app添加到settings文件中

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'my_app', #新注册的app
]

2.修改models.py

from django.db import models

class Myapp_students(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    age = models.IntegerField()

3.创建数据表（使用默认的数据库 SQLite3）

（1）生成迁移文件，命令python manage.py makemigrations，本步骤生成数据库描述文件，会在该app下建立 migrations目录，记录models.py的全部更改记录，不会实际应用到数据库文件上

(base) D:\YYL\Mine\Study\Django_Mine>python manage.py makemigrations
Migrations for 'auth':
  D:\worksoftware\Anaconda3.2\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\migrations\0012_auto_20210322_1012.py
    - Alter field name on group
Migrations for 'my_app':
  my_app\migrations\0001_initial.py
    - Create model Myapp_students
    

（2）将models变化应用到数据库上，命令python manage.py migrate，本步骤将models中记录的变化应用到数据库上

(base) D:\YYL\Mine\Study\Django_Mine>python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, my_app, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK
  Applying auth.0012_auto_20210322_1012... OK
  Applying my_app.0001_initial... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

4.QuerySet API
见Django学习笔记——模型，数据库(二)——QuerySet API