IntentService提供的功能也很类似AsyncTask,都是来处理异步工作的。
(AsyncTask入门可参考,http://blog.csdn.net/lincyang/article/details/6617802。)
IntentService是继承自Service的,从源码上看,它是Service、HandlerThread和Handler的强强联合。源码也比AsyncTask简单,有兴趣的童鞋可以去看看。
工作流程也非常简单,客户端通过startService(Intent) 方法来调用,服务启动后,开启worker线程来顺序处理intent的任务。注意这里,一个intentService可以处理多个任务,只不过是一个接着一个的顺序来处理的;AsyncTask通常情况是每个任务启动一个新的asycnTask来工作,一个asyncTask只能使用一次,当你想再次使用的话,只好再new一个任务,否则要报异常的。从表象上看,这是两者的区别。当任务完成后,IntentService自动停止。
下面说说它的用法,和AsyncTask一样,使用IntentService必须要写一个类然后继承它。
因为IntentService本身是继承自Service,所以在使用的时候要先在AndroidManifest.xml中注册,否则报错:Unable to start service Intent not found
IntentService有7个方法,其中最重要的是onHandleIntent(),在这里调用worker线程来处理工作,每次只处理一个intent,像上面描述的,如果有多个,它会顺序处理,直到最后一个处理完毕,然后关闭自己。一点都不用我们操心,多好。
再介绍另一个很有意思的方法,setIntentRedelivery()。从字面理解是设置intent重投递。如果设置为true,onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)将会返回START_REDELIVER_INTENT,如果onHandleIntent(Intent)返回之前进程死掉了,那么进程将会重新启动,intent重新投递,如果有大量的intent投递了,那么只保证最近的intent会被重投递。这个机制也很好,大家可以尝试着用。
下面写个小例子,这个例子和之前asyncTask的一样,都是模拟处理耗时任务的。这里加上了广播机制来传递消息。
AndroidManifest.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <manifest xmlns:<a href="http://lib.csdn.net/base/15" class="replace_word" title="undefined" target="_blank" style="color:#df3434; font-weight:bold;">android</a>="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- package="com.linc.TestIntentService"
- android:versionCode="1"
- android:versionName="1.0">
- <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
- <activity android:name=".TestIntentService"
- android:label="@string/app_name">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
- </intent-filter>
- </activity>
- <service android:name=".LincIntentService"></service>
- </application>
- </manifest>
xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- >
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/text"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:textSize="30sp"
- android:textColor="#FF0000"
- android:text="@string/hello"
- />
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btnStart"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="Start"
- />
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btnSendOther"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="SendOtherBroadcast"
- />
- </LinearLayout>
Activity
- package com.linc.TestIntentService;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.app.IntentService;
- import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.content.IntentFilter;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.SystemClock;
- import android.text.format.DateFormat;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.TextView;
- import android.widget.Toast;
- public class TestIntentService extends Activity {
- private final static String Tag="TestIntentService";
- private TextView text;
- private Button btnStart;
- private Button btnSendOther;
- private MessageReceiver receiver ;
- /*
- * Action
- */
- private static final String ACTION_RECV_MSG = "com.linc.intent.action.RECEIVE_MESSAGE";
- private static final String ACTION_OTHER_MSG = "com.linc.intent.action.OTHER_MESSAGE";
- /*
- * Message
- */
- private static final String MESSAGE_IN="message_input";
- private static final String MESSAGE_OUT="message_output";
- /** Called when the activity is first created. */
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- text=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.text);
- text.setText("准备");
- btnStart=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnStart);
- btnStart.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- Intent msgIntent = new Intent(TestIntentService.this,
- LincIntentService.class);
- msgIntent.putExtra(MESSAGE_IN, text.getText().toString());
- startService(msgIntent);
- }
- });
- btnSendOther=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnSendOther);
- btnSendOther.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- }
- });
- //动态注册receiver
- IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(ACTION_RECV_MSG);
- filter.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT);
- receiver = new MessageReceiver();
- registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
- IntentFilter filter2 = new IntentFilter(ACTION_OTHER_MSG);
- filter2.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT);
- receiver = new MessageReceiver();
- registerReceiver(receiver, filter2);
- }
- //广播来接收
- public class MessageReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- String message = intent.getStringExtra(MESSAGE_OUT);
- text.setText(message);
- Toast.makeText(context, "message",
- Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- }
- }
IntentService
- package com.linc.TestIntentService;
- import android.app.IntentService;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.os.IBinder;
- import android.os.SystemClock;
- import android.text.format.DateFormat;
- import android.util.Log;
- //IntentService
- public class LincIntentService extends IntentService {
- /*
- * Action
- */
- private static final String ACTION_RECV_MSG = "com.linc.intent.action.RECEIVE_MESSAGE";
- private static final String ACTION_OTHER_MSG = "com.linc.intent.action.OTHER_MESSAGE";
- /*
- * Message
- */
- private static final String MESSAGE_IN="message_input";
- private static final String MESSAGE_OUT="message_output";
- private final static String Tag="---LincIntentService";
- public LincIntentService() {
- super("LincIntentService");
- Log.d(Tag, "Constructor");
- }
- @Override
- public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
- Log.d(Tag, "onBind()");
- return super.onBind(intent);
- }
- @Override
- public void onCreate() {
- Log.d(Tag, "onCreate()");
- super.onCreate();
- }
- @Override
- public void onDestroy() {
- Log.d(Tag, "onDestroy()");
- super.onDestroy();
- }
- @Override
- public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
- Log.d(Tag, "onStart()");
- super.onStart(intent, startId);
- }
- @Override
- public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
- Log.d(Tag, "onStartCommand()");
- return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
- }
- @Override
- public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {
- Log.d(Tag, "setIntentRedelivery()");
- super.setIntentRedelivery(enabled);
- }
- @Override
- protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
- Log.d(Tag, "LincIntentService is onHandleIntent!");
- String msgRecv = intent.getStringExtra(MESSAGE_IN);
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
- String resultTxt = msgRecv + " "
- + DateFormat.format("MM/dd/yy hh:mm:ss", System.currentTimeMillis());
- Intent broadcastIntent = new Intent();
- broadcastIntent.setAction(ACTION_RECV_MSG);
- broadcastIntent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT);
- broadcastIntent.putExtra(MESSAGE_OUT, resultTxt);
- sendBroadcast(broadcastIntent);
- SystemClock.sleep(1000);
- }
- }
- // <service android:name=".LincIntentService"></service>
- }
从这两篇文章中可以看到,andorid提供这两个处理耗时任务的工具,为我们开发者带来了极大的便利。跟随源码,又可以让我们的水平上升一个档次。看来,android提供的文档和例子就是一个宝库,我们要好好的利用起来!
附上源码
- /*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
- package android.app;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.HandlerThread;
- import android.os.IBinder;
- import android.os.Looper;
- import android.os.Message;
- /**
- * IntentService is a base class for {@link Service}s that handle asynchronous
- * requests (expressed as {@link Intent}s) on demand. Clients send requests
- * through {@link android.content.Context#startService(Intent)} calls; the
- * service is started as needed, handles each Intent in turn using a worker
- * thread, and stops itself when it runs out of work.
- *
- * <p>This "work queue processor" pattern is commonly used to offload tasks
- * from an application's main thread. The IntentService class exists to
- * simplify this pattern and take care of the mechanics. To use it, extend
- * IntentService and implement {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)}. IntentService
- * will receive the Intents, launch a worker thread, and stop the service as
- * appropriate.
- *
- * <p>All requests are handled on a single worker thread -- they may take as
- * long as necessary (and will not block the application's main loop), but
- * only one request will be processed at a time.
- *
- * @see android.os.AsyncTask
- */
- public abstract class IntentService extends Service {
- private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
- private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
- private String mName;
- private boolean mRedelivery;
- private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
- public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
- super(looper);
- }
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
- stopSelf(msg.arg1);
- }
- }
- /**
- * Creates an IntentService. Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
- *
- * @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.
- */
- public IntentService(String name) {
- super();
- mName = name;
- }
- /**
- * Sets intent redelivery preferences. Usually called from the constructor
- * with your preferred semantics.
- *
- * <p>If enabled is true,
- * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
- * {@link Service#START_REDELIVER_INTENT}, so if this process dies before
- * {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)} returns, the process will be restarted
- * and the intent redelivered. If multiple Intents have been sent, only
- * the most recent one is guaranteed to be redelivered.
- *
- * <p>If enabled is false (the default),
- * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
- * {@link Service#START_NOT_STICKY}, and if the process dies, the Intent
- * dies along with it.
- */
- public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {
- mRedelivery = enabled;
- }
- @Override
- public void onCreate() {
- // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
- // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
- // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
- super.onCreate();
- HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
- thread.start();
- mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
- mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
- }
- @Override
- public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
- Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
- msg.arg1 = startId;
- msg.obj = intent;
- mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
- }
- @Override
- public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
- onStart(intent, startId);
- return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
- }
- @Override
- public void onDestroy() {
- mServiceLooper.quit();
- }
- @Override
- public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
- return null;
- }
- /**
- * This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.
- * Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a
- * worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.
- * So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to
- * the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.
- *
- * @param intent The value passed to {@link
- * android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}.
- */
- protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);
- }